
Glass. 
Book 



63d Congress) 
1st Session j 



SENATE 



/Document 
t No. 184 



W. S. tSfl i'V.--')., Ui\s-o.i.i., I'll 3 

§ftntm of 

ERECTED IN STATUARY HALL OF 
THE UNITED STATES CAPITOL 
BY THE STATE OF MICHIGAN 



proceedings in statuary hall, in 
the senate, and the house of rep- 
resentatu'es of the united states, 
upon the unveiling, reception, and 
acceptance of the statue of 

ZACHARIAH CHANDLER, FROM THE 
STATE OF MICHIGAN 



Compiled under the direction of the 
Joint Comnuttee on Printing 




WASHINGTON 

GOVEENMENT PRINTING OFFIOE 

1914 







SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 5, SIXTY-THIRD CONGRESS. 

Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), That there 
be printed and bound, with illustrations, under the direction of the Joint 
Committee on Printing, the proceedings in Congress, together with the pro- 
ceedings at the unveiling in Statuary Hall, upon the acceptance of the statue 
of Zachariah Chandler, presented by the State of Michigan, sixteen thousand 
five hundred copies, of which five thousand shall be for the use of the Senate 
and ten thousand for the use of the House of Representatives, and the re- 
maining one thousand five hundred copies shall be for the use and distribution 
of the Senators and Representatives in Congress from the State of Michigan. 

Passed the Senate July lo, 1913. 

Passed the House September 5, 1913. 






TABLE OF CONTENTS 



Page. 

Proceedings in Statuary Hall 7 

Prayer by Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D., Chaplain of the House 

of Representatives -j 

Addresses by — 

Senator William Alden Smith, of Michigan 8 

Mr. Arthur H. Vandenberg, chairman of the Chandler Statue 

Commission 11 

Lieut. Ck)v. John Q. Ross, of Michigan 20 

Senator Jacob H. Gallinger, of New Hampshire 29 

Letter from former Justice H. B. Brown, of the United States 

Supreme Court 27 

Proceedings in the Senate 35 

Address by — 

Senator Charles E. Townsend, of Michigan 42 

Proceedings in the House 45 

Prayerby Rev. Henr\-N. Couden, D. D 51 

Addresses by- 

Hon. Edward L. Hamilton, of Michigan 53 

Hon. Joseph W. Fordney, of Michigan 62 

Hon. J. M. C. Smith, of Michigan. '. 69 

Hon. Louis C. Cramton, of Michigan 75 

Hon. William J. MacDonald, of Michigan 78 

Hon. Samuel W. Smith, of Michigan 79 

3 



THE SCULPTOR 

Charles Henry Niehaus 

Bom in Cincinnati, Ohio, January 24, 1855. In early 
life followed wood engraving, stonecutting, and carving in 
marble. Studied art in the McMicken School of Design, 
Cincinnati, Ohio, and in the Royal Academy of Munich, 
receiving conspicuous awards in both institutions. Lived 
for some time in Rome. Is a member of the Council of the 
National Sculptvire Society, of the Architectural League of 
America, the National Arts Club, the Players Club, and 
fellow of L'Associazione della Artistica Intemazionale di 
Roma. Since 1885 he has resided in the city of New York. 
Among his works are statues of Hooper and Davenport, 
statehouse, Connecticut; Astor historical doors. Old Trin- 
ity, New York; carved-wood tympanums. Library of Con- 
gress; statues of Moses and Gibbon, Library of Congress; 
Hahnemann Memorial, Washington, D. C. ; statues of Lin- 
colia and Farragut, Muskegon, Mich.; statues of Gar- 
field, Chandler, Allen, Morton, Ingalls, and Glick, Statuary 
Hall, United States Capitol; and a portrait bust of Daniel 
Tompkins, in the gallery of the United States Senate. 

Statue of James A. Garfield Statuary Hall. 

Statue op Oliver P. Morton Statuary Hall. 

Statue of John J. Ingalls Statuary- Hall. 

St.\tue of William Allen .■ Statuary Hall. 

Statue op Zachariah Chandler Statuary Hall. 

Statue of George Washington Glick Statuary^ Hall. 

Portrait Bust of Daniel Tompkins Senate gallery. 

(Extract from Works of Art in the United States Capitol Building, S. Doc. 
No. i6g, 63d Cong., ist sess.) 

4 



UNVEILING OF 

STATUE OF 

ZACHARIAH CHANDLER 



STATUARY HALL 
JUNE 30, 1913 



PROCEEDINGS IN STATUARY HALL 

MONDAY, JUNE 30, 1913—11 A. M. 

Senator William Alden Smith, of Michigan (chairman). 
The service which we have met here to perform will be 
opened with prayer by the Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D., 
of Port Huron, Mich., Chaplain of the House of Repre- 
sentatives, whose sightless eyes give eloquent testimony to 
his valor and patriotism. 

OPENING PRAYER. 

The Chaplain of the House of Representatives, Rev. 
Henry N. Couden, D. D., offered the following prayer: 

Great God, our King and our Father, whose spirit per- 
vades all space with rays divine, a very potent factor in 
shaping and guiding the progress of men and of nations 
through all the vicissitudes of the past, we rejoice that the 
long struggle for civil, political, and religious rights culmi- 
nated in a Nation "conceived in Hberty and dedicated to 
the proposition that all men are created equal." 

We thank Thee that from time to time Thou hast raised 
up patriots who have woven their characters into the tissues 
of this Nation and made it strong and great. We are here 
in the memory of such a man, fitted by nature and by 
preparation for the work Thou didst call him to do. He 
gave to his State and Nation the best that was in him, and 
left behind him a record worthy of emulation. In placing 
his statue here in this Hall of Fame the people of his State 
honor themselves and add to the group of illustrious heroes 
and statesmen here represented a son of whom they may 
well be proud. Long may it stand, to speak in mute elo- 
quence of "liberty and union, one and inseparable, now 
and forever." 

Let Thy blessing be upon these services, that they may 
be recorded upon the pages of history and redound to Thy 
glory and to the good of mankind. In the spirit of Jesus 
Christ our Lord. Amen. 

7 



ADDRESS OF SENATOR WILLIAM ALDEN SMITH. 

My friends, as the senior in ser\ace of the Michigan con- 
gressional delegation, I have been directed to take charge 
of the program. My part shall be very brief, and in passing 
I desire to say that we have assembled in this historic place 
as the representatives of State and Nation to do honor to 
one whose public service contributed so much toward the 
welfare of the people and the glory of his country. It was 
peculiarly fitting that Zachariah Chandler should have 
represented Michigan in the Senate of the United States at 
a time when rugged faith and sublime confidence were so 
essential to the permanence of the Republic. 

His giantlike form, his innate honesty, his unclouded 
vision, his dauntless coiirage, and his masterful personality 
shone like a beacon light through the darkness and gloom of 
our Nation's greatest peril, while the warmth of his stout 
heart and his ever-present sympathy cheered the falter- 
ing, ministered to the needy, and cared for the suffering on 
unnumbered battle fields. To him the sadly bereft and 
afflicted tiu-ned with confidence, while the unconsoled mother 
who had dedicated her only son to Lincoln's cause knew that 
Chandler would not countenance unnecessary danger or 
sacrifice, and the Government of which he was a part was 
made more glorious by his unflinching devotion to human 
liberty. [Applause.] 

To the soldier at Gettysbiu-g or in the Wilderness his elo- 
quent voice was like a bugle call to action, and inspired our 
soldiers and national leaders with new strength and faith in 
the perpetuity of American institutions. 

He was no traitor to his country or his party. His 
optimism was of that quality which could circumvent any 
disaster. His was the highest type of virile, western states- 
manship, and his iron will could not be broken or blunted, 

8 



Address of Senator William Alden Smith 9 

while he wore upon his brow the cardinal jewels of his 
pohtical faith. 

He was a stranger to fear and a deadly foe to venality in 
every form. He was the generous product of mountain and 
valley and forest and sea, and his imperious form was un- 
swayed by tempest and storm. The fiercer the growl of 
treason and disunion, the more dauntless his spirit and the 
more inspiring his leadership; the heavier the load, the more 
massive his form became, until the people of Michigan came 
to believe that there was no limit to his patriotism or endur- 
ance. When column after column broke, his Herculean 
shoulders steadied the structure of State until the foundations 
could be repaired. 

His last battle was relentlessly waged against the puerile 
political decadence of his time, and the stalwart blows he de- 
livered against the financial fallacies of that period quickened 
the lagging spirit of the faint-hearted and smote the visionary 
doctrinaire in a vital spot. 

It was, indeed, a far-seeing eye that blazed the way for 
Zachariah Chandler's entrance into the public life of his 
country, and the century that has passed since he was cradled 
in the mountains of the Old Granite State has produced no 
more inspiring figure among the conservators of the Republic. 

In this niche Michigan places her final contribution to this 
brilliant galaxy of the dead, and future generations can find 
much of inspiration in the lives of all, while not the least of 
these now takes its place at the instance of the State he so 
faithfully served. 

I count it among the priceless privileges of my life to have 
been permitted to come into personal contact with this mas- 
terful man, and this hour could not be devoted to a worthier 
purpose than the initial step in the permanent perpetuation 
of his memor}^ 

I pause to call upon Chandler Hale, grandson of the great 
Chandler, to unveil his statue. 

[The statue, which was draped in a large American flag, was then unveiled 
by Mr. Chandler Hale. The appearance of the statue was greeted with 
applause.] 



lo Statue of Zachariah Chandler 

In yonder Chamber, which was the immediate scene of his 
countless activities, we shall at some future time present 
some phases of his legislative career, and this present cere- 
mony will now be conducted by those especially charged by 
the Commonwealth of Michigan to perform this patriotic 
duty. 

I take especial pride in presenting to you Mr. Arthur H. 
Vandenberg, of Grand Rapids, Mich., the honored chair- 
man of the commission, who exemplifies in his character 
and attainments the wholesome spirit of this occasion. 
[Applause.] 



ADDRESS OF MR. ARTHUR H. VANDENBERG. 

Mr. Chairman, ladies, and gentlemen, the Commonwealth 
of Michigan to-day challenges the attention of the Nation 
to the quality and fiber of Michigan manhood and citizenship 
as typified in one of the strongest characters illuminating 
the page of nineteenth century American history. 

We have come from our beloved State to offer tribute to 
the memory of Zachariah Chandler, and to ask the people 
of the United States to accept from us tliis heroic statue, 
which shall stand through unnumbered years as the testi- 
monial of a people who are free and nationally unified 
because such democratic noblemen as he dedicated their 
surpassing talents to the common good. 

It was wise national legislation which brought this Statu- 
ary Hall into existence — here in a Capitol Building that 
breathes liberty in every stone and column — to perpetuate 
the memory of crusaders for humanity and good government. 

In an all-too-forgetful age it is well that such patriotic 
shrines should reinspire the thoughts of generations wliich 
profit from the self-sacrificing labors of the fathers who 
toiled and builded and kept the faith that we might inherit 
our legacy unimpaired. 

It was equally wise legislation — in the State — which two 
years ago nominated Zachariah Chandler to occupy 
Michigan's second niche in the Nation's Hall of Fame, be- 
cause neither Michigan nor any other Commonwealth ever 
gave a statesman to the Nation who wrought in more imper- 
ishable deed for the preservation and the glory of his country. 

In a time that tried men's souls — through rebellion and 
then through reconstruction — his intrepid courage was an 
inspiration for right and justice, his words resembled bat- 
tles, and his countless achievements spelled service that 
counted large for the cause which martyrized the saintly 
Lincoln and immortalized the resistless Grant. 



12 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 

I speak for the State commission which was intrusted with 
responsibility for the erection of this statue. OiU" task is 
done. We believe that Sculptor Charles H. Niehaus has 
faithfully portrayed the rugged greatness of a master among 
men. 

We publicly acknowledge our debt of gratitude to all who 
have aided us in whatever measure of success our efforts 
have attained and, as chairman of the commission, I vrant 
particularly to pay my personal word of appreciation for 
the debt that I owe to my fellow members on the commis- 
sion, Mr. Charles M. Greenway and Mr. Kirke S. Alexander. 

I wish, too, to say a word for Sculptor Niehaus, who has 
continuously given us the benefit of his ceaseless efforts and 
untiring interest. And last, but not least, I must say to 
you that we are under everlasting obligation to Mrs. Mary 
Chandler Hale, the daughter of this great man, who has 
exhibited a continuous interest in otir work, who has given 
us the benefit of inspiring suggestion, and who is kept from 
attendance upon this memorable occasion only by the seri- 
ous illness of her outi distinguished husband. 

We believe that the statue will merit approval from 
Michigan and the Nation; and, pursuant to instructions from 
the commission, I make bold to sketch in briefest way the 
thoughts regarding Chandler which have inspu-ed us in 
otu" task. 

Michigan particularly extends greetings upon this mem- 
orable occasion to one of her elders in the sisterhood of 
States; for while Ch.'\ndler's mature accomplishments were 
all inspired by the splendid glor\' of his western citizen- 
ship, his birthplace was amid the granite hills of old New 
Hampshire. 

The Commonwealth which from early youth became the 
home of his loyal adoption is entitled to this honor of pre- 
serving Chandler's fame in this marble that will endure 
with all the ages through which the Repubhc is destined to 
live on. 



Address of Mr. Arthur H. Vandenberg 13 

But the State which gave him birth at Bedford on Decem- 
ber ID, 1 813 — one full century ago — may borrow a reflection 
of our pride. 

New Hampshire is ostensibly represented in this Hall of 
Fame by two heroic figures into whose eternal association a 
third now comes. 

Over yonder stands John Stark, a warrior patriot whose 
honors are written from Bunker Hill to Bennington in chap- 
ters of a life story dedicated to the establishment of this free 
and independent Government. 

Near by is the mighty, masterful Daniel Webster, who 
first stripped the doctrine of nuUification to a nakedness that 
shamed it before the world ; Webster, who lived to save the 
integrity of miion even as Stark lived to serve in its erection. 

Yet, with full and appreciative acknowledgment of the 
self-sacrifice and patriotism of both these Titan figiu-es, we 
of the West respectfully submit that when New Hampshire 
gave Zachariah Chandler to Michigan — there to be ma- 
tured into dynamic manhood — New Hampshire sired a son 
who combined the uncompromising courage of a Stark and 
the sublime Union loyalty of a Webster — a son who wrought 
in word and deed for the preserv^ation of free government in 
as exalted and effective degree as any single patriot who ever 
swore allegiance to the Constitution of the United States. 
[Applause.] 

If by some black art Gabriel's horn could sound an alarm 
of resurrection that should galvanize this bronze and marble 
congress into life, we should find ourselves in the intimate 
presence of many of the Nation's great — men whose lives 
chapter and vitalize the story of American development. It 
would be a wonderful assembly — such a parliament as never 
met in flesh and never ■will. 

But among all these earnest, intellectual, stalwart, aggres- 
sive, patriotic, broad-brained men and women we are proud 
in our faith that there would be no peer to Lewis Cass and 
Zachariah Chandler, sons of Michigan, sen,ators of the 
Republic, representatives of that sterling citizenship which 



14 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 



has electrified the great Northwest with currents of progress 
and patriotism — deser^^ed favorites in history. None of 
better right to win perpetuated fame and endured affection 
in this inspired rotunda. 

After Cass had honored Michigan through a hfetime of 
devoted ser\-ice to the pubUc weal, Michigan honored Cass 
in 18S9 by accepting the Nation's invitation to here dedicate 
a shaft to his hallowed memory ; and for nearly one-quarter 
of a centun* visitors to this most beautiful and most power- 
ful Capitol in all the world have looked upon his rugged face 
and stalwart figure to catch from them a suggestion of that 
power and purpose which made him strong — aye, superb — 
as governor, ambassador, Senator, Cabinet counselor, and 
contender for the Presidency. 

It is fitting now that Michigan's second contribution to 
this gallery of immortals should commemorate the one who 
took up the burden of leadership when Cass laid it down, 
who became the spokesman for his State and for his party 
fully as dominantly as Cass had been in much less perilous 
times, who donned the armor of a fearless crusader against 
slavery and secession, and who, among all his stalwart 
fellow statesmen, veritably became the plumed knight of 
free union to captain the brave-hearted band of heroes 
who upheld the hands of Lincoln in a Congress that was 
rebellion's lair. 

Those bitter days are over, and what may be said to-day 
is said with fullest honor and appreciation for those whose 
consciences aligned them on the other side. Fields that 
ran red with blood in the chill of cold November are green 
with the harvest of July. Unity that was once merely 
constitutional has given way to unity that is both con- 
stitutional and loved. North and South each honor the 
other's Rebellion heroes. There is no statue in this Hall 
upon whose granite pedestal I would more gladly place a 
wreath of esteem and affection than that of the great 
Robert E- Lee. [Applause.] What we say of the record 
of this man to whom this day is dedicated is merely the 
unchangeable story of history which must be told as it 



Address of Mr. Arthur H. Vandenberg 15 

occurred. And it is from the picture of fearlessness and 
courage and uncompromising conviction wliich the story 
yields that one may catch the reason why this particular 
favorite son has earned Michigan's belated favor at this 
hour. 

Michigan's history is rich in men well worthy of honor in 
this Hall of Fame. Michigan wishes she might rear to all 
a memorial worthy of- the nobility of each. But since one 
alone must be selected for the recognition of this hour, 
there can be little division of far-seeing opinion that 
Z.iiCHARiAH Chandler is rightfully the colossus to whom 
belongs premier appreciation. 

Among all the statues in this Hall I believe I am correct 
in saying that only one commemorates any of Chandler's 
confreres when he first entered national hfe in the Senate 
of the United States on March 4, 1857, and in the chamber 
now occupied by the Supreme Court took oath to support 
the Constitution of the Union — an oath as dear to him as 
life itself. That great Congress, which entered upon 
responsibilities surpassing almost any ever undertaken by 
parliament of man before or since, has been solely repre- 
sented here by Samuel Houston, from the State of Texas — 
Houston, who made Texas free and then brought her 
into the Republic. 

If Samuel Houston could speak this morning from his 
splendid pedestal over yonder, he would subscribe to every 
word of eulogy that may be said for Zachariah Chandler, 
and out of richly wonderful experiences in a Congress where 
Chandler never yielded jot or tittle to secessionist or traitor 
he would congratulate Michigan and the United States upon 
the glory of this hour. [Applause.] 

Probably no man other than Lincoln himself was more 
steadfast, unyielding, grimly courageous, and unhesitatingly 
defiant in his opposition to slavery' and secession. What 
this Nation owes to Lincoln for his leadership, partaking of 
divinity, during the dark days of the sixties, it owes in pro- 
portionate measure to Chandler for his lesser but terribly 
potential work. 

55069°— S. Doc. 184, G3— 1 2 



1 6 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 

Chandler it was who early practiced the tenets of his 
faith in abohtion through hberal support of "the under- 
ground railroad," of which Detroit was one of the most 
important terminals. 

Chandler it was who led the party of antislavery as its 
nominee for governor of Michigan in its first great fight for 
recognition. 

Chandler it was who headed the Michigan delegation to 
the first Republican national convention, where as a dele- 
gate he was one of the five who first voted for Lincoln as a 
vice presidential candidate. 

Chandler it was who went to the United States Senate 
as the successor of Cass when Michigan demanded that her 
representative at Washington should reflect our sturdy faith 
in the perpetuity of the Union. 

Chandler it was who immediately became the chieftain 
in the historic preliminary legislative battles which preceded 
the Civil War itself. 

He knew from first to last no faltering, no doubt, no fear, and could never 
bring himself to look with patience upon any proposal for compromise. 

Chandler it was who voiced the indignation of the 
patriotic North against the immortally notorious Lecomp- 
ton constitution for Kansas. 

It fixed Mr. Chandler's position definitely, not only as it demonstrated 
his ability, but as it raised him in the far advance of radicalism in the Senate, 
a position which he never deserted and for which he never apologized. 

When Buchanan, with monstrous temerity, was ready to 
permit South Carolina to secede it was Chandler who 
arose to the emergency, "and men instinctively stood aside 
to give place to the national leader whom the occasion had 
raised up." 

With a vigor and steadfastness for which this Nation must 
be forever his debtor, Ch.\ndlER fought treason and its pro- 
moters at every turn of the road. He opposed the Critten- 
den compromise and condemned ever}-' suggestion that peace 
be purchased by dishonor. It remained for him to echo the 
Lincoln axiom in his famous letter of February ii, 1861, 



Address of Mr. Arthur H. Vandenberg 17 

when, decrying the hesitancy of business men to face the 
possibility of war, Chandler wrote: 

Without a little bloodletting this Union will not, in my estimation, be 
worth a rush. 

When Sumter fell it was Chandler who came back to 
Michigan and vitahzed the presidential call for troops. 
Read this from authentic history: 

Every Michigan soldier knew old "Zach" by name, thousands knew his 
face, and hundreds have him to thank for acts of kindness and words of cheer. 
The dustiest, ragged bluecoat applicant for his aid had a claim to royal pre- 
cedence, and they all knew that if they needed influence or money they had 
but to ask him. Not the iron rule of Stanton himself could avail to delay 
him in such a service. 

Chandler was the guiding spirit of the famous Committee 
on the Conduct of the War, which throughout the terrific 
conflict was the inspiration and invaluable support of the 
President and his Secretary of War. 

It would take a volume of endless size to tell the whole 
story. Every act of Chandler was an act of a staunch and 
courageous patriot. No taint of dishonesty, no suggestion 
of dishonor, no intimation of selfish or improper motives ever 
attached to his slightest act. 

He was the confidant of Lincoln and became the confidant 
of Grant. 

He was Grant's Secretary of the Interior, where his ad- 
ministration is spoken of as "the best in its history." 

I hold in my hand a letter from former President of the 

United States William H. Taft, whose honored father served 

in the cabinet of Grant with Zachariah Chandler, which 

letter is as follows : 

New Haven, Conn., June 14, igis. 
Mr. A. H. Vandenberg, 

The Grand Rapids Herald, Grand Rapids, Mich. 
My Dear Mr. Vandenberg: I have yours of June 10 with reference to the 
dedication of a statue to Mr. Zacharjah Chandler. I am not very familiar 
with Mr. Chandler's life. My father valued his sturdy patriotism, the won- 
derful force of his personality, and his bluff directness and honesty of ex- 
pression. He believed the country greatly indebted to him for his patriotic 
activities at a time when she was in great need. 
Sincerely, yours, 

Wm. H. TajT. 



i8 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 

Chandler was chairman of the Repubhcan national com- 
mittee tlirough the historic campaign which gave Haves 
the Presidency, and in this trying position he displayed that 
executive capacity and relentless aggressiveness which con- 
tributed so fundamentally to his dominance wherever he 
was concerned. He seemed the very incarnation of resist- 
less, persevering power. 

Had he been spared his sudden death he would probably 
have succeeded Haj-es as President of the United States. 
He was of presidential caliber and vision and popularity. 

As a merchant, before entering public life, he exhibited a 
genius that brought him fortune. 

As a statesman, after he left the ways of commerce far 
behind, he was a master. 

As a stanch Republican, he was unfaltering in his devo- 
tion to his party's cause, a devotion so sincere that it earned 
him the respect of enemy and friend alike. 

And last, but far from least, as a husband and a father, he 
was as kindly and considerate and thoughtful and good as 
man ever was or could be. 

When this great Michigan giant suddenly passed into an- 
other life, during the night of November i, 1879, there was 
national recognition of a national loss. Proof, suggestive 
of the place he held in universal esteem, shows in the follow- 
ing phrase borrowed from the comment of that time: 

It may be doubted whether since the assassination of Abraham Lincoln any 
single announcement has so startled the public mind and moved the popular 
heart as when it was announced that Z.\ch.\ri.\h Chandler was found sleeping 
his last sleep. 

A Nation as well as the State of Michigan — 

Wrote Gen. Grant — 

mourns the loss of one of her most brave, patriotic, and truest citizens. Sen- 
ator Chandler was beloved by his associates and respected by those who 
disagreed with his political views. The more closely I became connected 
with him the more I appreciated his great merits. 

The tributes to his virtuous, vigorous valor were legion. 
The peoples of Commonwealths from near and far came to 
moiUTi before his ashes. Garlands of love and appreciation 



Address of Mr. Arthur H. Vandenberg 19 

piled high his bier. Eulogy was universal. A chieftain 
worthy the truest traditions of the race had crossed the bar. 
Dr. Pierson spoke from the pulpit of Chandler's church 
in Detroit, the city which this great man had honorably 
served as chief executive when he first dedicated his mas- 
terful talents and intrepid courage to the common good. 

The Doric pillar of Michigan has fallen — 

Said he — 

but the State stands, and God can set another pillar in its place. There is 
Stone in the quarry, columns are taking shape * * * and in God's time 
they shall be raised to their place. 

To-day, Mr. Chairman, the Doric pillar of Michigan is 
raised again in image. 

After two years of faithful labor on the part of the com- 
mission of which I am proud to be a member the column has 
taken suggestive shape, and, true to prophecy, it has been 
raised where it belongs — here in the Nation's Hall of Fame. 

May it not onl}' breathe some small measure of Michigan's 
appreciation for one who honored her as few sons have 
honored Commonwealth, but may it also inspire to-morrow's 
citizenship to strive honorably, fearlessly, and in self- 
sacrifice that the Republic may always be preserved. 

To you, sir, Mr. Governor, as the representative of Michi- 
gan's near 3,000,000 souls, I have the honor, on behalf of 
the commission, to tender you this shaft to the memory of 
Zachariah Chandler— this heroic statue which, by legis- 
lative authority, Michigan desires you to present to the 
people of the United States. [Applause.] 

Senator Smith of Michigan. I now take great pleasure in 
presenting the lieutenant governor of Michigan, Hon. John 
Q. Ross, who receives this statue from the commission, and 
in turn will present it to an official of the Government of the 
United States. 



ADDRESS OF LIEUT. GOV. JOHN Q. ROSS, OF MICHIGAN 

Mr. Chairman, in this room, made sacred by so many im- 
portant actions affecting the General Government, it is but 
fitting that we should gather for the purpose of paying our 
respects to one of the mighty men who was a vitalizing 
force in making this country what it is to-day. 

I want first, on behalf of the people of the State of Michi- 
gan, to thank this commission, whose earnest efforts have 
made the success of this occasion possible. In every under- 
taking, such as the erection of this statue, it is necessary^ to 
find men who are willing to give of their time and talents 
that the desired object may be accomplished in such a way 
as to meet the intent and desires of the people as a whole. 
I feel that it is but just that I should say here that the 
people of Michigan realize that no better selections could 
have been made as members of the commission in charge 
of this work. This statue will always stand as a testimonial 
to their faithful discharge of the duties imposed upon them. 

The effect of events such as this is impossible for us to 
estimate. As we are here to-day enjoying the blessings of 
this free Government, we are prone to overlook the things 
which have made this occasion possible. It is so easy for us 
to forget the men whose high ideals and whose devotion to 
duty have aided in the upbuilding and preser\-ation of this 
Government. In the mad rush for place and power and 
competence which our people are making, the one thing 
which we need more than anything else is such object lessons 
as this statue as constant reminders that our happiness and 
om- every opportunity are intenvoven with the efforts and 
accomplishments of the men who have lived before. 

It is an inspiration to live in such a country^; but it is 
more inspiring to live in this country because of such men 
as Zachariah Chandler. The reading of his history 
spells opportunity to every young man. 



Address of Lieut. Gov. John 0. Ross 21 

• The chairman of the commission has so eloquently pic- 
tm-ed Senator Chandler's success that I hesitate to say- 
any thing in addition to what he has already said, although 
I feel I would be remiss in my duty if I did not again call 
attention to the fact that Senator Chandler overcame 
every handicap with which his early life was surrounded. 
He started in life with what would be considered at this 
time a very^ meager education; the money furnished to him 
by his father at the time he located in Michigan would not 
now be regarded as sufficient in amount to be of very sub- 
stantial advantage in seciuring a start in business life. But 
he had something better than a college education; he had 
something better than a large sum of money — he had im- 
planted within him that spirit which caused him to choose 
the right with invincible resolution, to resist the sorest 
temptations from within and without, to face the greatest 
storms of his business and poHtical activities with that 
calm and fearless determination which could mean nothing 
but success. Some have urged that he lived in an age of 
opportunity; that his location in Michigan was at a pecul- 
iarly opportune time, and for that reason he should not 
be given full credit for all of the things his life and accom- 
plishments stand for. That would not be a fair measure 
of the man and would lose sight of the fact that so many 
other men lived amidst similar surroundings, lured by the 
same beckonings by the goddess of fate, yet their lives 
meant nothing to the State or to the Nation at large. I 
am reminded of the words of John B. Gough, when he said 
that— 

If you want to succeed in ttie world, you must make your own opportuni- 
ties as you go on. A man who waits for some seventli wave to toss him on 
dry land will find that the seventh wave is a long time in coming. You can 
commit no greater folly than to sit by the roadside until some one comes along 
and invites you to ride with him to wealth and influence. 

It was not opportunity that made him a success; it was 
that continual preparedness and fixity of pmpose which took 
advantage of the opportunities that other men allowed to 
go by. 



22 Stattie of Zachariah Chandler 

He applied business principles to every question that came 
up. His good sense, clear views, ready and retentive mem- 
ory, quick discernment, and instinctive perception of the 
fitness of ways to ends qualified him for energetic and suc- 
cessful effort anywhere. These things recommended him to 
the people of his home city, and they chose him for their 
chief executive. His administration of that office more than 
demonstrated the wisdom of their choice. His fair dealing 
with his customers scattered over the State of Michigan made 
a host of sincere and admiring friends. He was one of the 
dominant spirits in the organization of the Republican Party, 
and when the opportunity came for the people of Michigan 
to select a United States Senator who would be in thorough 
sympathy with and should faithfully represent their deter- 
mined opposition to any further compromise in the matter 
of the question of slavery, which then hung like a cloud of 
doubt and disaster over this country', their minds naturally 
turned to Mr. Ch.^ndlER, in whom they had implicit confi- 
dence, because he had stood fovirsquare to every question 
which had come up. They recognized in him a strong and 
determined man. The very stumblingblocks which had 
caused others to falter and tium back had been for him 
stepping-stones in the pathway of success. 

When he arrived at Washington as one of the Senators 
from our State he found the men of his own faith trembling 
for the future, ready and anxious to offer any compromise to 
avert further trouble or possible bloodshed. He was one of 
the men upon whom opposition acted as a tonic; who upon 
hearing of a threat rose refreshed and ready for the conflict. 
The opposition had intimidated by their attitude and their 
threats, and it awaited his advent upon the scene of action 
for the intrepid spirits of the Senate to get together and 
meet the opposition upon its own grotmd. His very deter- 
mination and micompromising attitude roused bitter antag- 
onisms and caused to fall upon his head the most scathing 
denunciation, but to him this only meant more vigorous 
efforts. The intensity of his conviction, his tireless energy 



Address of Lieut. Gov. John 0. Ross 23 

of action, inspired confidence, gave courage to the hesitating, 
and caused the timid and irresolute to stand erect. No one 
can measure the importance of his service in the preparation 
for and during that mighty conflict which we designate in 
history as the Civil War. The success or failure of the Union 
cause and what it stood for on many occasions hung by so 
slender a thread that the taking away of the strength and 
the determination of his support might have meant disaster. 

His experience and training enabled him to obtain a broad 
view of the questions of government which he was called 
upon to consider; he could see and appreciate, as few were 
able to do, all of the phases of the matter under discussion. 

After the war was over, and during the reconstruction 
period, he was one of the men whose counsel was most often 
sought. It is true that his idea as to the treatment of the 
men who had been in open rebellion against the Government 
was more drastic, possibly, than that employed; but this 
attitude grew out of his firm belief in the righteousness of 
the Union cause and the unrighteousness of the Confederate 
contention. The very intensity of his belief and of his 
devotion made him all the more determined in his opposi- 
tion to the extension of any leniency toward those who had 
been the leaders in the Confederacy. Nothing in his whole 
life aroused so much criticism as this, and yet, viewed from 
this lapse of time, we must admit that this very attitude on 
his part and on the part of some of his confreres resulted in 
the course being taken which has proven to be most advan- 
tageous for all. His opposition was not toward any indi- 
vidual or because of any individual, but was against the 
principle which those individuals had represented. He be- 
Ueved in a Union of the States wlaich should for all time keep 
the Stars and Stripes floating unsulHed in every hamlet 
and where no man should be held in involuntary servitude. 
The success of the principle he stood for is the glory of the 
Republic. 

As a business man his success is measured by the good 
name he left as much as by the fortune he accumulated; as 



24 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 

a statesman the appreciation of his accomplishments will 
increase with passing years; as an administrator he had the 
faculty of directing the efforts of those under him to do that 
which was necessary, shorn of any cumbersome detail; as 
the leader of a great party he marshaled its hosts against 
united opposition and led them to the summit of victory ; as 
an orator he never tried to get or hold the attention of his 
auditors by a mere play of words, but compelled their under- 
standing by the force of his logic. He had the power to de- 
stroy the most eloquent and seductive sophistry by a few 
terse sentences. 

It was given to him to read the future as it is given to few 
men. In his business he planned for the future of Michigan, 
and could see it grow and develop as the subsequent years 
have seen it grow and develop. In his contemplation of 
the affairs of the Nation he appreciated as fully as was given 
to anyone to appreciate what the differences between the 
North and the South meant to the Nation and to the future. 
He realized that while there might have been a time when 
these differences could have been settled without an open 
conflict, the vacillating attempts at compromise with a sys- 
tem which was inherently wrong had, before his entrance 
into national affairs, developed a situation which could 
only be adjusted by open conflict; that the sooner the con- 
flict came the better it would be for the Nation at large, 
and the more easy it would be to settle it in the manner 
in which it was settled and which is now admitted was the 
best for all. He believed in more vigorous methods than 
were adopted. He insisted that the President should call 
500,000 troops instead of 75,000. His counsel was never 
for anything except the most aggressive action in the prose- 
cution of the war. His very nature was against any half- 
way measure. His faith was not a shrinking, half -believing 
faith; he believed with all the vigor and firmness of a perfect 
physical manhood. When his reason led him to a conclu- 
sion in his mind, that alone was right — that was the thing 



Address of Lieut. Gov. John 0. Ross 25 

to work for and to fight for. Others might contend against 
his position, but his resolution was unchangeable. 

It is impossible for me in the short space of time I shall 
occupy to enter into any detailed discussion of the wonderful 
personality or work of Senator Chandler. His was a life 
so filled with effort and accomplishment that we need to 
study it carefully in order to appreciate its real meaning. 

No words of mine can adequately portray the significance 
of this statue ; it means that the efforts of the men who came 
over to this shore to found a government of free men might 
have been wasted had it not been for the determination of 
character of vSenator Chandler; it means that the flame of 
bitter antagonism of the early sixties, had it not been for 
his zeal, might have become national instead of sectional, 
and still be burning, separated by the Mason and Dixon 
line; it means that this reconstructed Government is better 
because of his having lived, that his standing for a sound 
financial policy made a more stable system of currency than 
we would otherwise have had; it means that the adminis- 
tration of the several departments of the Government are 
upon a more businesslike basis, that the Government is 
receiving a more adequate return in service from its em- 
ployees, because as Secretary of the Interior he put into 
active practice in that department the same thorough, 
conscientious business methods which had made his own 
business ventures so signally successful ; it means that in this 
great and reunited country, because of his life and achieve- 
ments, every boy can more fully realize that he only needs 
a firm determination and a conscientious and constant 
application to write upon the scroll of his achievement, in 
living letters of brightest hue, that word for which we all 
strive, success; it means that the people of a great State 
are not forgetful of their obligations to those who, by their 
accomplishments and fidelity, have shed a luster upon them, 
and whose energy and ability and never-yielding patriotism 
have contributed in so large a degree to their success "and 



26 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 

material well-being. On behalf of that State, and with a 
thorough appreciation of all that this occasion means, and 
a firm belief that this Nation shall alwaj^s continue to be the 
world's brightest hope for liberty and equality, I have the 
honor of presenting this statue to the people of the United 
States, that they may share with Michigan its glory and 
satisfaction in the life and achievements of Zachariah 
Chandler. [Applause.] 



LETTER FROM FORMER JUSTICE H. B. BROWN, OF THE 
UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT 

Senator Smith of Michigan. It had been expected that 
Hon. Henry B. Brown, retired justice of the Supreme Court 
of the United States, would receive this statue in behalf of 
the Federal Government. Justice Brown has written a letter 
of singular beauty and appropriateness regarding the life of 
Senator Chandler. That letter is as follows: 

Watkins Glen, N. Y., June 75, 191 3. 

My Dear Senator. I am informed by Mr. Vandenberg, of 
Grand Rapids, that I am indebted to you for a most courte- 
ous invitation to participate in the ceremonies attending the 
placing of a statue of the late Senator Chandler in Statuary 
Hall on the 30th of this month. It is with much more than 
ordinary regret that I am compelled by my physical condi- 
tion to decline an honor which would have been, of all 
things, the most agreeable to accept. The truth is, I am 
sadly out of health and am instructed to remain here until 
the I St of August, and can not leave even for a temporary 
engagement without serious risk. 

My inability to attend involves a personal sorrow in that it 
deprives me of the only opportunity I shall probably ever 
have of paying a public tribute of affection and respect to the 
memor)^ of one who, at a critical period of my life, rendered 
me a service which it would be the basest ingratitude to 
forget. It was not only the most important one ever ren- 
dered to me, but was one which changed the whole course of 
my life, and became the stepping-stone to all I subsequently 
attained. It was performed, too, at a time when he was not 
a Member of the Senate, but an ordinary private citizen, and 
was itself a proof of the strong personal influence he held, 
independent of any official connection with the Government. 

2^ 



28 Stattie of Zachariah Chandler 

It can never be forgotten of Senator Chandler that while 
his poUtical methods were sometimes criticized even by 
members of his own party, he was one of half a dozen men 
who saved this Union in the most perilous horn" of its exist- 
ence. Like most men of strong character, he was an ardent 
supporter of whatever he undertook to do, and knew no 
such thing as a feeble determination or a half-hearted sup- 
port. He was masterful in his nature and a bom leader of 
men. When the great work of his life had been finished and 
the Union restored, he was as wise in the steps taken by him 
to cement that restoration and preser\'e the national faith 
untarnished as he had been to suppress open opposition in 
the field. He was opposed to all forms of repudiation, and 
insisted upon the preservation of the national faith. He 
was steadfast with those who stood by us and relentless to 
those who opposed us. He was bom for the age in which 
he lived, and passed away when the real work of his life had 
been accomplished. 

Very truly, yours, 

H. B. Brown, 
Ex'Jusiice Supreme Court United States. 

Senator Smith of Michigan. In the absence of Mr. Justice 
Brown and at the unanimous request of the commission 
having this ceremony in charge, the statue will be accepted 
by Hon. Jacob H. Gallinger, of New Hampshire, the rank- 
ing Republican Senator and the ranking legislator in both 
branches of Congress, a rugged, stalwart figure from the 
State where Chandler was bom. [Apj^ause.] 



ADDRESS OF SENATOR JACOB H. GALLINGER, OF NEW 

HAMPSHIRE 

Mr. Chairman and Lieut. Gov. Ross, I esteem it a special 
privilege to be permitted to participate in the exercises of 
this day, and in behalf of the Government of the United 
States to accept from your great State the statue of the 
illustrious man whom Michigan so rightly and justly hon- 
ors — Zachariah Chandler. 

New Hampshire, the State that I in part represent in the 
Senate, gave to other States of the Union a galaxy of men 
scarcely equaled in the history of our country. That, little 
State gave Daniel Webster and Henry Wilson to Massachu- 
setts, Salmon P. Chase to Ohio, Horace Greeley, Charles A. 
Dana, and John A. Dix to New York, William Pitt Fessen- 
den to Maine, James W. Grimes to Iowa, and Lewis Cass and 
Zachariah Chandler to Michigan. The statue of Lewis 
Cass, contributed to the Government by Michigan, stands 
conspicuously in this Hall, a place dedicated to great men, 
and now the effigy of Zachariah Chandler is appropriately 
to become Michigan's second contribution to this collection 
of the chosen representatives of the several States of the 
Union. 

The real name of Mr. Chandler was Zacharias, which 
was afterwards changed to Zachariah, but during his entire 
life he was known familiarly as " Zach." In his later years, 
when his friends wished to speak affectionately of him, the 
designation applied to him was usually "Old Zach," which 
he seemed to look upon as a term of endearment. 

New Hampshire, equally with Michigan, honors the mem- 
ory of Zachariah Chandler. The little town of Bedford, 
where he first saw the hght of day on December lo, 1813, is 
not unmindful of his achievements after he left the ancestral 
home in search of fame and fortune in what was then a west- 
ern State, and the people of New Hampshire as a whole feel 

29 



30 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 

a justifiable pride in the great services he rendered the coun- 
try' at a time when patriotism was sorely needed and a high 
type of both physical and moral courage was essential in 
dealing with the problems of that day. So, New Hampshire 
on this occasion grasps the hand of Michigan in joint recog- 
nition of the virtues and abilities of a true American states- 
man — a man of rare powers of intellect, whose life was 
devoted to the advocacy of the principles and policies upon 
which oiur Government was founded, and the perpetuity of 
which are essential to its future success. 

The life of Zachariah Chandler is a peculiarly interest- 
ing and instructive one. Bom on a farm, educated in the 
little brick schoolhouse of his native town, which I believe 
still stands, and in the village academies of Pembroke and 
Derrj', without the advantages that a liberal education 
gives, he took up the work of life resolutely and hopefully. 
After leaving school he engaged in farm work. He next 
taught school a short time, and then entered a dry goods 
store as clerk in the city of Nashua, near his birthplace. At 
the age of 20 the eyes of the young man were turned west- 
ward, as the eyes of so many young men in the East were in 
those days, and he emigrated to Detroit, where he continued 
to reside until his death in the year 1879, ^^ his sixty-sixth 
year. He carried with him to the West the intellectual 
ability and strength of character that he inherited from his 
Scotch-Irish ancestors. He carried with him also the phys- 
ical vigor that the ozone of the New Hampshire hills im- 
plants in the human body, and with this equipment, aided 
by the stimulating influences of western push and energy, it 
is no wonder that his career in life was a remarkable one. 

Shortly after reaching Detroit he engaged in business, in 
which he made a great success. In 1851 he was elected 
mayor of Detroit, and in 1852 was nominated as the Whig 
candidate for governor and was defeated. He was promi- 
nent in the organization of the Republican Party in 1854. 
He served for a time as chairman of the Republican national 
committee, and was Secretary of the Interior under Presi- 
dent Grant. 



Address of Senator Jacob H. Gallinger 31 

In addition to these honors he was four times elected to 
the United States Senate, his services in that body, which 
were of a most distinguished kind, covering a period of 19 
years. He died a Senator. 

On the occasion of his death expressions of sympathy and 
appreciation came from all quarters. His funeral was a 
notable affair, attended by the militia, by hundreds of men 
in professional and public life from all parts of the country, 
and by a vast concourse of his sorrowing fellow citizens. 
The Nation mourned the loss of a truly great man. The 
late James G. Blaine, in writing of his burial, said: 

Thus was Zachariah Chandler buried. Living, he was honored. Dead, 
he was mourned. Though dead, his labors and his example remain, and they 
form his fittest monument. 

What greater tribute could be paid to any man than that ? 
The country boy, bom in the East, had achieved fame and 
power in a new field, and he died honored and mourned by 
all his countrymen. This statue can add nothing to his 
fame. It will stand here to be gazed on by his countrymen 
and by pilgrims from all lands, who will recognize in its 
strong and expressive features the likeness of a man whose 
intellectual powers, force of character, and integrity of life 
won for him universal respect and imperishable renown. 

On behalf of the Government I accept the statue and beg 
to thank Michigan for this notable contribution to the 
National Hall of Fame. [Applause.] 

Senator Smith of Michigan. It would be a very easy matter 
in a gathering like this, composed of many soldiers and many 
citizens who knew Senator Chandler personally, to produce 
a symposium of eulogy almost without limit. I see before 
me many of his contemporaries; but time will not permit, 
and the completeness of this service does not demand that 
we prolong it further. 

I am going to ask Dr. Couden, himself a soldier, who last 
saw the flag of his country upon the field of battle 50 years 
ago, to close the ceremony which he so appropriately opened 
with prayer. 

55069°— S. Doc. 184, 63-1 3 



32 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 

CONCLUDING PRAYER 

Rev. Dr. Couden offered the following prayer : 

And now, O God our heavenly Father, who hast watched 
over us in the past, and led us on step by step to larger and 
nobler life as individuals and as a people, let the spirit of 
Thy Son Jesus Christ come and dwell in our hearts, that we 
may go forth doing the work that Thou hast called us to do, 
honoring Thee, honoring our fellow men, and making for 
ourselves worthy characters that may reflect Thy glory, 
through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. 



ACCEPTANCE OF 
STATUE OF 
ZACHARIAH CHANDLER 



SENATE 
JULY_2, I9I3 

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
APRIL 19, 1914 



33 



PROCEEDINGS IN THE SENATE 



SATURDAY, JUNE 21, 1913 

Mr. Townsend (for Mr. Smith of Michigan) submitted the 
following resolution (S. Res. 119), which was read and re- 
ferred to the Committee on the Library: 

Resolved, That exercises appropriate to the reception and acceptance from 
theStateof Michigan of the statue of Zachariah Chandler, erected in Statuary 
Hall in the Capitol, be made the special order for Monday, July 28, 1913, after 
the conclusion of the routine morning business. 

THURSDAY, JUNE 26, 1913 

Mr. Gallinger (for Mr. Smith of Michigan) submitted the 
following concurrent resolution (S. Con. Res. 4), which was 
ordered to He on the table and be printed: 

Resolved by the Senate {the House of Representatives concurring), That the 
statue of Zachariah Chandler , presented by the State of Michigan to be placed 
in Statuary Hall, is accepted in the name of the United States, and tliat die 
thanks of Congress be tendered to tlie State for the contribution of the statue 
of one of its most eminent citizens, illustrious for the purity of his life and his 
distinguished services to the State and Nation. 

Second. That a copy of these resolutions, suitably engrossed and duly au- 
thenticated, be transmitted to the governor of the State of Michigan. 

Mr. Gallinger (for Mr. Smith of Michigan) submitted the 
following concurrent resolution (S. Con. Res. 5) , which was 
ordered to lie on the table and be printed: 

Resolved by the Senate {the House of Representatives concurring), That there 
be printed and bound, under tlie direction of the Joint Committee on Printing, 
the proceedings in Congress, together with the proceedings at the unveiling 
in Statuary Hall, upon tlie acceptance of the statue of Zachariah Chandler, 
presented by the State of Michigan, 16,500 copies, of which 5,000 shall be for 
the use of the Senate and 10,000 for the use of the House of Representatives, 
and tlie remaining 1,500 copies shall be for the use and distribution of the Sen- 
ators and Representatives in Congress from the State of Michigan. 

35 



36 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 



WEDNESDAY, JULY 2, 1913 

The Vice President laid before the Senate a communica- 
tion from the lieutenant governor of the State of Michigan, 
presenting to the Government and the people of the United 
States on behalf of the Michigan Legislature a marble statue 
of the late Zachariah Chandler, of that State, which was 
referred to the Committee on the Library. 

Mr. Smith of Michigan. I ask that the communication be 
printed in the Record. 

There being no objection, the communication was ordered 

to be printed in the Record, as follows: 

State of Michigan. 
To the Senate and House of Representatives, 

Washington, D. C. 

Pursuant to action of the Legislatiue of the State of Michigan, there has 
been erected in the Capitol of the United States a marble statue of the late 
Z.-vchariah Chandler, of Michigan. On behalf of the people of tliis State 
I have the honor and pleasure of presenting to the Government and people 
of the United States this statue of one whose ability, strength of character, and 
achievement, both in State and national affairs, entitled him not only to a 
place as one of Michigan's favorite sons, but also to a place as one of the Na- 
tion's great statesmen. Senator Chandler came to Michigan while still a 
young man. Entering into the business life of Michigan's chief city, he ac- 
quired a competence and then gave his time and ability to public affairs. 
He had not the opportunity for a finished literary' education, but from his 
broad business experience he garnered a knowledge more thorough tlian any 
college course could have furnished. He was a man of firm convictions and 
unchanging devotion to public duty. Every student of history will recognize 
in Senator Chandler one of the great men of the period in which he lived. 
He was a tower of strength to every cause he espoused, and his grim determi- 
nation and thorough preparedness made Jiim the center of any conflict in 
which he took part. He neither asked nor gave quarter. 

Such rugged and imcompromising characters are necessary in every great 
crisis, and Michigan presents this statue tliat future generations may know 
that in this, as in ever)' age, true greatness is measured by patriotic and 
unselfish devotion to duty. 
Very respectfully, 

John Q. Ross, 
Lieutenant Governor of Michigan. 

Dated Muskegon, Mich., June 17, 1913. 



Proceedings in the Senate 37 

Mr. Smith of Michigan. Mr. President, out of order, if I 
may prefer the request, I would ask unanimous consent to 
consider Senate concurrent ^esc'ution No. 4, now on the 
table. 

The Vice President. The Senator from Michigan asks 
unanimous consent out of order to consider a concurrent 
resolution which will be read. 

The Secretary read Senate concurrent resolution No. 4, 
submitted by Mr. Gallmger for Mr. Smith of Michigan, June 
26, 1913, as follows: 

Resolved by the Senate {the House of Representatives concurring), That the 
statue of Zaciiariah Chandler, presented by the State of Michigan to be 
placed in Statuary Hall, is accepted in the name of the United States, and that 
the thanks of Congress be tendered to the State for the contribution of the 
statue of one of its most eminent citizens, illustrious for the purity of his life 
and his distinguished services to the State and Nation. 

Second. That a copy of these resolutions, suitably engrossed and duly 
authenticated, be transmitted to the governor of the State of Michigan. 

The Vice President. The question is on agreeing to the 
concmrent resolution. 

The concurrent resolution was agreed to. 

Mr. Smith of Michigan. I ask unanimous consent to take 
from the table Senate concturent resolution No. 5. 

The Vice President. The Senator from Michigan asks 
for the immediate consideration of Senate concmrent resolu- 
tion No. 5, which the Secretary will read. 

The Secretary read Senate concurrent resolution No. 5, 
submitted by Mr. Gallinger for Mr. Smith of Michigan June 
26, 1 913, as follows: 

Resolved by the Senate {the House of Representatives concurring), That there 
be printed and bound, under the direction of the Joint Committee on Printing, 
the proceedings in Congress, together with the proceedings at tlie unveiling in 
Statuary Hall, upon the acceptance of the statue of Z.^chariah Chandler, 
presented by the State of Michigan, 16,500 copies, of which 5,000 shall be for 
the use of the Senate and 10,000 for the use of the House of Representatives, 
and the remaining 1,500 copies shall be for tlie use and distribution of the 
Senators and Representatives in Congress from the State of Michigan. 



38 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 

Mr. Smith of Michigan. Perhaps it would be better to 
follow the usual course of such resolutions. I ask that it 
be referred to the Committee on Printing. 

The Vice President. The concurrent resolution will be 
referred to the Committee on Printing. 

Mr. Smith of Michigan. I desire to call up Senate resolu- 
tion 119. 

The Vice President. The Chair is informed, and so noti- 
fies the Senator from Michigan, that this resolution is before 
the Committee on the Library and has not been reported. 

Mr. Smith of Michigan. I desire to give notice that on 
Monday, July 28, at 3 o'clock p. m., I shall call up Senate 
resolution 1 1 9 and address the Senate relative to the public 
services of Zachariah Chandler, in connection with the 
presentation of his statue to the Government. 

THURSDAY, JULY 10, 1913 

Mr. Smoot. From the Committee on Printing I report 
back with an amendment Senate concurrent resolution No. 5, 
providing for the printing and binding of the proceedings 
attending the unveiling and acceptance of the statue of 
Zachariah Chandler, and I ask unanimous consent for its 
present consideration. 

Mr. Williams. I should like to hear some explanation as 
to why that request should be made. What peculiar reason 
is there for it ? 

Mr. Smoot. I will state to the Senator that it is the usual 
form of such resolutions. The senior Senator from Michigan 
[Mr. Smith] gave notice that at 3 o'clock on July 28, 1913, he 
would call up Senate resolution 119 and address the Senate 
relative to the public ser\dce of Zachariah Chandler in 
connection with the presentation of the statue, which, of 
course, will be placed in Statuary Hall. 

Mr. TgwnsEnd. The statue is already in position. 

Mr. Smoot. I am informed that it is already in the hall. 
This is simply such a resolution as we always pass authoriz- 



Proceedings in ike Senate 39 

ing the proceedings at the iinveiling and acceptance of the 
statue to be printed. 

Mr. Williams. He is the man who held the Tilden-Hayes 
campaign decision with a mailed fist, is he not? 

Mr. Smoot. I am not in a position to decide that question ; 
it cuts no figure here. This is a resolution similar to those we 
always pass in such cases. 

Mr. Williams. I have no objection. 

The Vice President. There being no objection, the reso- 
lution will be read for the information of the Senate. 

The Secretary read the resolution, as follows: 

Resolved, etc., That there be printed and bound, under the direction of the 
Joint Committee on Printing, tlie proceedings in Congress, together with tlie 
proceedings at the unveiling in Statuary Hall, upon tlie acceptance of tlie 
statue of Zachariah Chandler, presented by the State of Michigan, 16,500 
copies, of which 5,000 shall be for tlie use of the Senate and 10,000 for the use 
of the House of Representatives, and the remaining 1,500 copies shall be for 
the use and distribution of the Senators and Representatives in Congress from 
the State of Michigan. 

The amendment was, on page i, line 2, after the word 
"bound," to insert the words "with illustrations." 

Mr. Williams. What are the illustrations? 

Mr. Smoot. There is simply one illustration in all public 
documents of this character, and that is a cut of the person in 
whose honor the services are held. 

Mr. Williams. Then, instead of "illustrations," it ought 
to be "illustration." 

Mr. Smoot. I simply used the word which has been in other 
similar resolutions. 

Mr. Williams. I am perfectly willing that shall be done. 
I simply wanted to know what it was. 

The Vice President. The question is on the amendment. 

The amendment was agreed to. 

The resolution as amended was agreed to. 



40 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 

THURSDAY, JULY 24, 1913 

Mr. TowNSEND. Mr. President, there is on the calendar a 
notice given by my colleague [Mr. Smith of Michigan] that 
on July 28, at 3 o'clock p. m., he would call up Senate resolu- 
tion No. 119. I desire to state at this time that in order that 
it may not interfere with other business this order will be post- 
poned. I shall ask to have it postponed until a time to be 
fixed later, after my colleague returns. 

The Vice President. The Chair is informed by the 
Secretary that the resolution itself fixes July 28. 

Mr. TowNSEND. I am giving notice now that I shall ask 
to have that postponed, so that it will not interfere with the 
tariff debate which will come on, because it will not be con- 
sidered at that time. 

MONDAY, APRIL 20, 1914 

A message from the House of Representatives, by J. C. 
South, its Chief Clerk, announced that the House had passed 
a concurrent resolution (H. Con. Res. 36) presenting the 
thanks of Congress to the governor, and through him to 
the people, of Michigan, for the statue of Zachariah 
Chandler, etc., in which it requested the concurrence of 
the Senate. 

FRIDAY, APRIL 24, 1914 

Mr. Smith of Michigan. I ask unanimous consent to take 
up House concurrent resolution 36 for immediate consid- 
eration. 

Mr. Gallinger. It is a message from the House? 

The President pro tempore. It is a House concurrent 
resolution. Is there objection to its present consideration? 

Mr. Overman. I should like to hear it read. 

The President pro tempore. The Secretary will read the 
concurrent resolution. 



Proceedings in the Senate 41 



The concurrent resolution was read and considered by 
unanimous consent, as follows: 

Resolved by the House of Representatives {the Senate concurring), That tlie 
thanks of Congress be presented to the governor, and through him to the people 
of Michigan, for the statue of Zachariah Chandler, whose name is so honor- 
ably identified with the history of that State and of the United States. 

Resolved, That this work of art is accepted in the name of the Nation and 
assigned a place in the old Hall of the House of Representatives, already set 
aside by act of Congress for statues of eminent citizens, and that a copy of this 
resolution, signed by the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House 
of Representatives, be transmitted to the governor of the State of Michigan. 

Mr. Smith of Michigan. Mr. President, I ask unanimous 
consent that the proceedings incident to the dedication of 
this statue may be printed in the Record without reading. 

The President pro tempore. The Senate has heard the 
request of the Senator from Michigan. Unless there is ob- 
jection, it will be granted. The Chair hears none, and it is 
so ordered. 

The proceedings referred to will be found on pages 7-32. 



ADDRESS OF SENATOR CHARLES E. TOWNSEND 

Mr. President, it was my misfortune to be absent on the 
business of the Senate when the exercises attending the un- 
veiling in this Capitol of the statue of Zachariah Chandler 
were held, and now, in moving the adoption of the resolu- 
tion asking for the acceptance of that statue by Congress, 
I desire briefly to pay my humble tribute to the memory, 
Ufe, and public services of one of Michigan's most distin- 
guished sons. From the long list of her illustrious dead 
she has selected for places in our Valhalla of Fame two 
men who typify not alone the greatness of her great men 
of the past, but whose characters, statesmanship, and 
patriotism made them peers of any man our country has 
produced at an}' time. 

Lewis Cass and Zachariah Chandler were contempo- 
raries, representing the different political theories and 
policies of their time. Cass was a Democrat, Chandler a 
Republican. WTiile differing in their political views, they 
were one in uncompromising honesty and lofty patriotism. 
Both represented their State in the Senate, but not at the 
same time. Chandler having succeeded Cass in this body, 
where the former serv^ed for more than a fifth of a century. 
Their honorable rivalry as leaders of their respective parties 
produced a standard of politics in Micliigan justly famous for 
its strength and ability. " There were giants in those days." 
The honorable friction of strong, honest, big men results in 
the development of strength and character. The lives of 
Cass and Chandler did much to mold and shape the history 
of Michigan. How fitting it is that these two men who, 
during a portion of their hves, worked together, should be 
selected by the State they honored with such distinction as 
her contribution to the Nation's chamber of immortals. In 
yonder hall their marble statues stand, surroimded by those 
42 



Address of Senator Charles E. Townsend 43 

of Washington, Adams, Webster, Benton, Calhoun, Morton, 
Garfield, and a score of other illustrious Americans. 

What a galaxy of symbolized greatness ! If their immortal 
spirits could invest those marble shafts, a convocation of the 
greatest minds, the most eloquent orators, the most able 
statesmen ever gathered at oiae time and place in all the tide 
of time could there be held. 

The character and services of Zachariah Chandler have 
been eloquently and faithfully told on another occasion. 
What was said there will be published for the benefit of those 
who are interested in them, so I shall not take the time of the 
Senate to repeat in a feeble manner what will appear in the 
published report. 

The great characteristics of Zachariah Chandler were his 
unsullied honor, his uncompromising fidelity to principle, 
his absolute fearlessness in a cause which he believed to be 
just. 

His public life and services were in a time which "tried 
men's souls." 

He was a Republican of Republicans. He was at the 
birth of the Republican Party "under the oaks" at Jack- 
son, Mich. He helped to shape its principles. He assisted 
in dedicating it to the cause of liberty. He directed as much 
as any other man its efforts to destroy African slavery. He 
was the unyielding enemy of treason and disunion. With 
merciless impartiality he flayed the secessionist, the north- 
em copperhead, and the timid, time-serving Republican. 
He followed without the shadow of turning the direct path 
from offense to punishment. 

His uncompromising force and energy made active and 
bitter enemies. No great man, fearless in effort and un- 
yielding in determination, ever failed to make enemies, 
but of such men are made the leaders of principle, the 
avengers of wrong. 

Chandler was the close friend and adviser of Abraham 
Lincoln. Upon him the President leaned for comfort and 
courage. His confidence in the Union cause never wavered, 



44 Statue of Zackariah Chandler 



and when the clouds of the Civil War lowered darkest Presi- 
dent Lincoln sent for Chandler, and immediately hope 
revived and courage was renewed. 

Michigan has done well in embalming in enduring marble 
her distinguished son. In the Hall of Fame his effigy will 
be a decoration of honor to the Nation which he did so much 
to preserve. 

I ask the Senate to accept from Michigan her statue of 
Zachariah Chandler. I ask for the adoption of the con- 
current resolution. 

The President pro tempore. The question is on agreeing 
to the concurrent resolution. 

The concurrent resolution was agreed to. 



PROCEEDINGS IN THE HOUSE 



TUESDAY, JUNE 24, 1913 

Mr. KellEy of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous 
consent for the present consideration of a resolution which 
I send to the Clerk's desk. 

The Speaker. The gentleman from Michigan asks unan- 
imous consent for the present consideration of a resolution 
which the Clerk will report. 

The Clerk read as follows: 

Resolved, That exercises appropriate to the reception and acceptance from 
the State of Michigan of the statue of Zachariah Chandler, erected in Statu- 
ary Hall in the Capitol, be made the special order for Monday, July 28, 1913. 

The Speaker. Is there objection ? 
There was no objection. 
The resolution was agreed to. 

WEDNESDAY, JULY 9, 1913 

A message from the Senate, by Mr. Tulley, one of its 
clerks, announced that the Senate had passed the following 
resolution (S. Con. Res. 4), in which the concurrence of the 
House of Representatives was requested : 

Resolved by the Senate {the House of Representatives concurring), That the 
statue of Zachariah Chandler, presented by the State of Michigan to be 
placed in Statuary Hall, is accepted in the name of the United States, and 
that the thanks of Congress be tendered to the State for the contribution of 
the statue of one of its most eminent citizens, illustrious for the purity of his 
life and his distinguished services to the State and Nation. 

Second. That a copy of these resolutions, suitably engrossed and duly 
authenticated, be transmitted to the governor of the State of Michigan. 

45 



46 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 



SATURDAY, JULY 12, 1913 

A message from the Senate, by Mr. Carr, one of its clerks, 
announced that the Senate had passed bills, resolutions, and 
concurrent resolution of the following titles, in which the 
concurrence of the House of Representatives was requested : 

Resolved by the Senate {the House of Representatives concurring), That there 
be printed and bound, with illustrations, under the direction of the Joint 
Committee on Printing, the proceedings in Congress, together with the pro- 
ceedings at the unveiling in Statuary Hall, upon the acceptance of the statue 
of Zachariah Chandler, presented by the State of Michigan, 16,500 copies, 
of which 5,000 shall be for the use of the Senate and 10,000 for tlie use of the 
House of Representatives, and the remaining 1,500 copies shall be for the use 
and distribution of the Senators and Representatives in Congress from the 
State of Michigan. 

Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, Senate concurrent resolu- 
tion of the following title was taken from the Speaker's 
table and referred to its appropriate committee, as indi- 
cated below: 

Resolved by the Senate {the House of Representatives concurring), That there 
be printed and bound, with illustrations, imder the direction of the Joint 
Committee on Printing, the proceedings in Congress, together with the pro- 
ceedings at the unveiling in Statuary Hall, upon the acceptance of the statue 
of Zachariah Chandler, presented by the State of Michigan, 16,500 copies, 
of which 5,000 shall be for the use of the Senate and 10,000 for tlie use of the 
House of Representatives, and the remaining 1,500 copies shall be for the use 
and distribution of the Senators and Representatives in Congress from the 
State of Michigan. 

— to the Committee on Printing. 



TUESDAY, AUGUST 12, 1913 

Under clause 2, Rule XXIV, Senate resolution (S. Con. 
Res. 4) of the following title was taken from the Speaker's 
table and referred to the appropriate committee, as indi- 
cated below: 

Resolved by the Senate {the House of Representatives concurring). That the 
statue of Zachariah Chandler, presented by the State of Michigan, to be 
placed in Statuary Hall, is accepted in the name of the United States, and 
that the thanks of Congress be tendered to the State for the contribution of 



Proceedings in the House 47 

the statue of one of its most eminent citizens, illustrious for the purity of his 
life and his distinguished services to the State and Nation. 

That a copy of this resolution, suitably engrossed and duly authenticated, 
be transmitted to the governor of the State of Michigan. 

— to the Committee on the Library.' 



FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 19U 

Mr. Barnhart. Mr. Speaker, I want to submit concur- 
rent resolution No. 5, a privileged resolution, and move its 
adoption. 

The Speaker. The gentleman from Indiana [Mr. Barn- 
hart] submits a privileged resolution, which the Clerk will 
report. 

Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), That there 
be printed and bound, with illustrations, under the direction of tlie Joint 
Committee on Printing, the proceedings in Congress, together witli the pro- 
ceedings at the unveiling in Statuary Hall, upon the acceptance of the statue 
of Zachariah Chandler, presented by the State of Michigan, 16,500 copies, 
of which 5,000 shall be for the use of the Senate and 10,000 for the use of the 
House of Representatives, and the remaining 1,500 copies shall be for the use 
and distribution of the Senators and Representatives in Congress from the 
State of Michigan. 

Mr. Mann. There was a date set for the proceedings in 
the Senate and a date set for the proceedings in the House. 
The proceedings took place in neither the Senate nor the 
House. I assume that there will be proceedings hereafter 
in the House. I understood at the time that the Michigan 
delegation was waiting, for some reason or other. A special 
date was fixed, but the proceedings were not had on that 
date. If this resolution will cover the proceedings in the 
House and Senate when they are had, that will satisfy the 
demand; but if they go ahead with the publication of the 
proceedings before the proceedings are had, it would be a 
little awkward. 

Mr. Barnhart. Well, their resolution came over from the 
Senate. 

' Senate concurrent resolution 4 was superseded by House concurrent 
resolution 36, which was agreed to by botli Houses. 
55069°— S. Doc. 184, 63-1 4 



48 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 



Mr. Mann. Now, is the gentleman able to say, if this 
resolution passes, will the publication be held up until these 
proceedings can have occurred ? 

Mr. Barnhart. It certainly will. 

Mr. Foster. Well, Mr. Speaker, if the gentleman will per- 
mit, is it not a rather unusual proceeding to get permission 
to print before the ceremonies are held? That is a good 
deal like providing for the publication of a funeral oration 
over a man before the man is dead. 

Mr. Burnett. This is for the usual expense for printing 
the proceedings in Congress? 

Mr. Barnhart. Yes. It is the usual expense. 

Mr. Mann. "The proceedings in Congress" mean the pro- 
ceedings in the Senate and in the House. Usually that is 
included. 

Mr. Payne. Mr. Speaker, I wish to call the attention of 
the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. Mann] to the fact that some 
proceedings have already taken place in the House looking 
to the acceptance of the statue. Under the language of the 
resolution they would simply print those proceedings in 
Statuary Hall, and not the future proceedings in Congress. 
There would not be any warrant or authority under this 
resolution to print any eulogies or anything of that kind 
delivered in the future. 

Mr. Mann. We do not know whether the resolution for 
the acceptance of the statue has passed yet or not. 

Mr. Barnhart. Yes; it has. 

Mr. Mann. It is customary for the resolution to pass at 
the time the proceedings are had. 

Mr. Barnhart. If there is any objection to this resolution, 
or if it be irregular, I have no disposition to urge its passage. 
It has simply come over from the Senate with the request 
that it be agreed to, and the Committee on Printing acted 
favorably upon it, and I have reported it. 

Mr. Mann. I am calling the attention of the gentleman to 
the situation, so that, if the resolution passes, the Printing 
Office will not proceed with the printing of a part of the pro- 



Proceedings in the House 49 

ceedings until all of the proceedings are had and the statue 
is accepted. 

Mr. Barnhart. I think I can give the gentleman from 
Illinois full assurance that that will not be done. 

Mr. J. M. C. Smith. I should like to inquire whether this 
resolution was sent over by either one of the Senators from 
Michigan, both of whom are now absent? I understand 
there was a day set apart for the ceremonies in the House, 
but on that day it was inconvenient to have those proceed- 
ings, because something else was being considered in the 
House. 

The Speaker. The House set a day on which to accept 
the statue, and on that day the gentleman from Massachu- 
setts [Mr. Gardner] raised the point of no quorum before the 
House ever got started. 

Mr. Mann. Mr. Speaker, in justice to the gentleman from 
Massachusetts [Mr. Gardner], who raised the point of no 
quorum, it is proper to say that it was not the expectation on 
that day to take up the special order. That understanding 
had been reached among the gentlemen on both sides of the 
House. 

The Speaker. The Chair is not criticizing the gentleman 
from Massachusetts. The Chair will state to the gentleman 
from Michigan [Mr. J. M. C. Smith] that this is a concurrent 
resolution which the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. Barn- 
hart] has called up after it came over from the Senate in the 
usual course of business. It was brought over by one of the 
secretaries of the Senate, with a message announcing its 
passage and requesting the concurrence of the House of 
Representatives. 

Mr. Mann. The resolution was passed by the Senate pre- 
maturely. I do not know that that makes any difference. 

Mr. Barnhart. Possibly the Senate passed it with the 
imderstanding that the proceedings had been had in the 
House. The day had been set, and then the proceedings 
were deferred. 



5° Stattie of Zachariah Chandler 



Mr. Mann. But the proceedings were not had in the Sen- 
ate. They were deferred in the Senate in the same way. 

The Speaker. The House will expect the gentleman from 
Indiana [Mr. Barnhart] to see to it that the proceedings are 
not published prematiu-ely. 

Mr. Barnhart. The gentleman from Indiana will see to 
that. 

The Speaker. The question is on agreeing to the reso- 
lution. 

The resolution was agreed to 

TUESDAY, MARCH 10, I9I4 

Mr. Samuel W. Smith. Mr. Speaker, on the 30th day of 
last June the statue of Zachariah Chandler was xmveiled 
in Statuary Hall with appropriate exercises. I ask unani- 
mous consent that Sunday, April 12, 191 4, be set apart by 
the House of Representatives for the acceptance of the 
statue and the delivery of appropriate addresses on the life, 
character, and public services of Zachari.\h Chandler, late 
a Senator from the State of Michigan. 

The Speaker. The gentleman from Michigan asks unani- 
mous consent that Sunday, April 12, 1914, be set apart for 
the purpose of accepting the statue of the late Senator 
Zachariah Chandler and the delivery of appropriate ad- 
dresses upon his life, character, and public service. Is there 
objection ? 

There was no objection, and it was so ordered. 

***** 

Mr. Samuel W. Smith. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous 
consent that the order may be set aside fixing vSunday, April 
12, for exercises in relation to the acceptance of the statue 
of Zachariah Chandler for the reason that it occurs on 
Easter Sunday. 

The Speaker. The gentleman from Michigan asks unani- 
mous consent that the order made this morning fixing Sun- 
day, April 12, to make speeches about Senator Zachariah 



Proceedings in the House 51 

Chandler be set aside. Is there objection ? [After a pause.] 
The Chair hears none. 

Mr. Samuel W. Smith. Mr. Speaker, I now desire to offer 
the following resolution. 
■ The Speaker. The Clerk will report the resolution. 

The Clerk read as follows: 

Resolved, That exercises appropriate for the reception and acceptance from 
the State of Michigan of the statue of Zachariah Chandler, erected in 
Statuary Hall, in the Capitol, be made the special order for Simday, April 
19, 1914- 

The question was taken and the resolution was agreed to. 

SUNDAY, APRIL 19, 1914 

The House met at 12 o'clock noon. 

The Clerk read the following communication: 

April 18, 1914. 
Hon, South Trimble, 

Clerk of the House. 
I hereby designate Mr. Doremus, of Michigan, to preside on Sunday, April 
19, at the ceremonies in honor of the late Senator Chandler, of Michigan. 

Champ Clark, Speaker. 

Mr. Doremus assumed the chair as Speaker pro tempore. 
The Chaplain, Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D., offered the 
following prayer : 

Our Father in heaven, we meet here on this peaceful 
Sabbath day under the dome of our great Capitol in memory 
of one of Michigan's illustrious sons, whose statue has been 
presented to the Nation. Long may his memory live, and 
longer yet his deeds inspire those who shall come after us 
to patriotism and loyalty to the principles of Hfe, liberty, 
and the pursuit of happiness for all men, of all cUmes, of all 
times, that the flag of oiu" Union may be upheld in peace or 
in war now and forever in the spirit of righteousness, truth, 
and justice, and Thine be the praise, in His name. Amen. 



52 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 

The Speaker pro tempore. The Clerk will read the special 
order for to-day. 

The Clerk read as follows : 

On motion of Mr. Samuel V\'. Smith, House resolution No. 436, setting 
aside Sunday, April 19, 1914, for exercises appropriate to the acceptance of 
the statue to Hon. Z.\cnARi.\H Chandler, late a Senator from the State of 
Michigan, and addresses upon his life, character, and public services, was 
agreed to March 10, 1914. 

Mr. Samuel W. Smith. Mr. Speaker, I move the adoption 
of the following resolution. 

The Speaker pro tempore. The gentleman from Michigan 
moves the adoption of the resolution which the Clerk will 
report. 

The Clerk read as follows : 

House concurrent resolution No. 36 

Resolved by the House of Representatives {the Senate concurring), Tliat the 
thanks of Congress be presented to the governor, and through him to the 
people of Michigan, for the statue of Zachariah Chandler, whose name is 
so honorably identified with the history of that State and of the United States. 

Resolved, That this work of art is accepted in the name of the Nation and 
assigned a place in the old Hall of the House of Representatives, already set 
aside by act of Congress for statues of eminent citizens, and that a copy of 
this resolution, signed by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the 
House of Representatives, be transmitted to the governor of the State of 
Michigan. 

The Speaker pro tempore. The question is on the adop- 
tion of the resolution. 

The question was taken, and the resolution was unani- 
mously agreed to. 

The Speaker pro tempore. The Chair will recognize the 
gentleman from Michigan [Mr. Hamilton]. 



ADDRESS OF HON. EDWARD L. HAMILTON 

Mr. Speaker, these statues commemorate in stone and 
bronze the qualities that have made men great in the flesh. 

What were the qualities of Zachari.\h Chandler that 
single him out from the long roll of Michigan's distinguished 
dead? 

It is not because he was a United States Senator and a 
successful business man that his statue is here. 

Statues are not erected to public office or to business 
success. Nobody stops to inquire how much of an estate 
Caesar or Shakespeare left. 

A public place is only an opportunity. In it a small 
man looks smaller, just as a small statue on a big pedestal 
looks smaller by contrast. 

Chandler died a rich Senator; but if that summed up 
Chandler no statue would be erected to him. 

If you pick out a man in an assembly of distinguished 
men and ask who he is, you are given a name, and the 
name tells you who he is, because the name carries with it 
a reputation — that is, the name stands for something. 

The name Zach Chandler stands for honesty, sincerity, 
resolution, courage, convictions, and fighting patriotism. 

And it stands for sometliing more than these qualities; 
it stands for the thing we call personality. 

There are eminent men in public life who keep their emo- 
tions in cold storage and arrive at conclusions by a process 
of cold reasoning accelerated by expediency. 

Chandler's intellect was fired by the intensity of his 
convictions. 

Chandler was sincere. It is hard to beat an accom- 
plished, unscrupulous, versatile, and experienced hypocrite; 
but Chandler had in him a fierce, uncompromising intol- 
erance for shams that made hypocrisy shrivel up. 

S3 



54 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 



I have a theory that if a man carries around with him the 
internal consciousness of being a sham, he will eventually 
cave in. 

Chandler was sound to the core and stood the test of every 
emergency and of every responsibility. 

Chandler was not a genius. He was a common man in 
an uncommon degree. 

Congress goes on forever, and now and then grinds out 
some reputations, few of which survive; but Chandler 
stands out against the background of years as one of a group 
of men of a critical time uncompromisingly devoted to the 
Union and to freedom. 

THE PURITAN STRAIN * 

Zachariah Chandler was born at Bedford, N. H., De- 
cember ID, 1 813, of a line of Puritan ancestors. 

Maurice Low, in his book. The American People, says: 

The Bible was the Constitution of the Puritan. * * » WTiether he 
worked or played, whether he sat in meeting house or in the general coiu-t, 
whether he tilled his fields, or snatched up his musket at the sound of an In- 
dian alarm, wherever he went or whatever he did, he took his creed with him, 
for it was the criterion of right living, the benison of Divine grace. 

Faith in God, faith in man, faith in work — this is the short formula in 
which we may sum up the teachings of the founders of New England, a 
creed simple enough for this life and the next. (Lowell, Among My Books, 
vol. I, p. 229.) 

From these people, into the fiber of whose being was 
woven the Puritan strain — from these people of sinewy 
frames, iron wills, keen eyes, steady hands, and bold 
hearts; from these people, nurtured by a rough and stub- 
bom soil, fronted by "a stem and rock-bound coast," came 
Zachariah Chandler, afterwards known as the great war 
Senator of Michigan. 

He worked on a farm summers and went to a district 
school winters. 

He had two winters of academic instruction, taught school 
one term, worked in the store of Kendrick & Foster, of 
Nashua, N. H., in 1833, and in the fall of that year moved 
to Detroit and went into the dry goods business. 



Address of Hon. Edward L. Hamilton 55 

He was then 20 years old, tall, gaunt, awkward and 'wiry, 
of plain manners, plain speech, and great energy. 

He worked hard, slept in the store, and lived on $300 a 
year. 

His business expanded from a local retail trade to a State- 
wide wholesale trade, and as his business widened he com- 
menced and continued the custom of visiting his customers 
throughout the State once a year. 

In this way he gained an intimate knowledge of the re- 
sources of the State and a wide acquaintance with the people, 
which contributed to his success in business and in politics. 

MICHIGAN TERRITORY 

Men are affected by their environment — by the stage on 
which they play their parts. 

The year Chandler came to Detroit it was announced that 
a stage hne would be established by which travelers could go 
from Detroit to Chicago in five days. We run through now 
in about six hours. 

Michigan Territory, as defined by Congress in 1834, com- 
prehended what is now Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minne- 
sota, the east half of South Dakota, and the east two-thirds 
of North Dakota. 

By the census of 1 830 the civilized population of this vast 
domain was less than 33,000. 

Then there were only 23 miles of railroad in the United 
States, and there was not a gashght, electric hght, telegraph, 
telephone, or corporate combination in the world. 

The Niles Register reported in 1834 that the arrivals in 
Detroit had reached 960 in one day and that "the streets 
were full of wagons, loading and departing for the West." 

Statues are milestones, which tell us how far and in what 
direction we have traveled. 

The formative period of our political history runs approxi- 
mately from the Articles of Confederation down to 1820. 
The rise and fall of the Whig Party covers the years from 
1820 to 1856, and the period of Civil War and reconstruction 
runs from 1856 to 1876. 



56 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 



COMPROMISE AND THE END OF COMPROMISE 

Events do not spring up accidentally. History has its 
premises and conclusions. 

The Missouri compromise of 1820 forever prohibited slav- 
ery north of 36 degrees and 30 minutes north latitude in all 
the Louisiana Territory. 

In 1844 Texas became a State, and in all the discussion 
of Clay's omnibus bill of 1850 there was no suggestion that 
its compromises were intended to supersede or in any way 
to change the Missouri compromise line. 

The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, February 2, 1848, 
gave us Texas, California, and New Mexico, which then 
included Arizona, and the Rio Grande became part of our 
southwestern boundary. 

In 1849 no policy had been agreed upon concerning 
slavery in our Territories, and a smoldering excitement pos- 
sessed the public mind. 

The Free Soil spirit was growing stronger in the North, pro- 
slavery aggressiveness was growing stronger in the South, 
and the controversy had been inflamed by the finding of gold 
in California in 1848. 

It was under these conditions that Mr. Clay offered his 
three compromise measures. 

The first was the so-called "omnibus bill," which provided 
for the admission of California as a State, the organization 
of Utah and New Mexico as Territories without any restric- 
tions as to slavery, the adjustment of the Texas boundary 
line, and the payment of $10,000,000 to Texas for her claims 
on a part of New Mexico; the second was a fugitive-slave 
law; and the third prohibited the slave trade in the District 
of Columbia. 

After these compromises, notwithstanding the irritation 
of the fugitive-slave law, and notwithstanding the appear- 
ance of Uncle Tom's Cabin, a quiet settled upon the people 
like a lull before a storm. 

In his message of December 5, 1853, Franklin Pierce con- 
gratulated the country on the "restored sense of repose in 



Address of Hon. Edward L. Haviilton 57 

the public mind," and within a month Stephen A. Douglas, 
chairman of the Senate Committee on the Territories, with 
the approval of the President, reported a bill to organize 
the Territory of Nebraska, which was recommitted and 
reappeared as a bill to organize two Territories — Kansas 
and Nebraska. 

It provided that all laws of the United States should be 
extended to the proposed Territories, except the compromise 
section of " the act preparatory to the admission of Missouri ; " 
which, being inconsistent with the principles of the Clay 
compromise measures, was declared inoperative and void. 

It declared that " the true intent and meaning of the bill " 
was not to legislate slavery into or exclude it from any 
State or Territory, but to leave the people free to form and 
regulate their own domestic institutions in their own way, 
subject to the Constitution of the United States; and finally 
it provided that the fugitive-slave law should extend to the 
Territories. 

This bill removed what Sumner called "the landmarks of 
freedom." 

In the white heat of intense feeling the people began to 
divide on the issue of slavery, and the fight for the soil of 
Kansas and Nebraska hurried the Nation on to civil war. 

THE REPUBLICAN PARTY AND CHANDLER 

The Kansas-Nebraska bill became a law May 31, 1854, and 
36 days afterwards the Republican Party came into being 
"under the oaks" at Jackson, Mich., as the incarnation of 
an aroused national conscience. 

Chandler was among the leading spirits of that meeting. 

He had been elected mayor of Detroit in 1851, and had 
been nominated and defeated for governor of Michigan in 
1852. Like Saul, the son of Kish, the spirit of prophecy had 
come upon him, and he had turned from his own business 
to the business of his country. 

In the campaign of 1854 Democratic newspapers called 
him in derision "the traveling agent of the new Abohtion 
Party." 



58 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 

The days from fifty-four to fifty-six were radical, robust, 
resolute days in Michigan, and Chandi,ER was everywhere 
in the midst of the fight. 

The term of Lewis Cass as Senator from Michigan expired 
March 4, 1857, and Chandler was elected to succeed him. 

The Senate met in special session March 4. Senators took 
the oath of office in groups of four, and Chandler was sworn 
in with Jefferson Davis. 

Twenty-two years afterwards, while the wounds of war 
were not yet healed, while yet the fierce antagonisms of war- 
ring sections were not yet cooled, aroused by fulsome eulo- 
gies of Davis in the Senate, Chandler recalled that first oath 
of office and in one of the most impressive speeches of his 
lifetime charged that "with treason in his heart and perjury 
on his lips" Jefferson Davis "took the oath to sustain the 
Government that he meant to overthrow." 

Chandler entered the Senate with an intense hatred of 
slavery and without an ounce of compromise in him. 

He entered the Senate at a time when the followers of 
John C. Calhoun saw that the only alternative was extermi- 
nation of slavery or secession. 

His first prepared address was on the Le Compton consti- 
tution. 

In 1857 the Dred Scott decision further fed the antislavery 
flame, and a year later the whole country was listening with 
intense interest for news from the prairies of Illinois, where 
the Lincoln-Douglas debates were day after day reducing the 
issues involved in a conflict of ideas within "a house divided 
against itself " to clearly defined terms beyond the power of 
peaceftil arbitration. 

THE QUESTION 

Chandler led the fight for Lincoln in Michigan in i860, 
and Michigan gave Lincoln a majority of more than 23,000 
over Douglas. 

Forty-eight hours after Lincoln was elected President the 
Legislature of South Carolina called a State convention 



Address of Hon. Edward L. Hamilton 59 

which voted South CaroHna out of the Union, and the news- 
papers of South CaroHna began to pubHsh news from the 
rest of the country under the head of " Foreign intelHgence." 

As our RepubHc had widened westward tinder the Con- 
stitution as it was before the arbitrament of war had been 
framed into constitutional amendments, it had become more 
and more apparent that no arbitrary Hne of latitude could 
permanently define the frontier between right and wrong 
within an undivided nation. 

No doctrine of the rights of States, no Missouri compro- 
mise, no Clay compromise, no Dred Scott decision could quiet 
in the minds of men the eternal, daily question of human 
rights. 

The spirit that inspired that question was in the air. It 
sat down at every council board. It entered into and took 
possession of men, and took unto itself such names as Phillips, 
Lovejoy, Garrison, and John Brown. It would not down. 

It teased men till they invented sophisms to refute it. 
It set families at variance. It set pulpits at variance. It 
lighted the camp fires of armies, whose contentions shook 
the continent. 

It mowed men down with "the level hail of death." 

It added to the vocabulary of war such names as Donelson, 
Shiloh, Gettysburg, and the Wilderness. 

Long before it had sought out a lonely frontier cabin and 
presided at the birth of Abraham Lincoln. It made him its 
instrument; and five days after Appomattox his spirit, lib- 
erated by the hand of an assassin from its thrall of tremen- 
dous responsibility, took its flight in the golden dawn of a 
new day, and his fame passed into immortality. 

WAR AND THE LAST CHAPTER 

Chandler was a member of the Committee on the Con- 
duct of the War, and was one of Lincoln's friends and ad- 
visers when he was "carrying the Constitution through the 
wilderness of fear" without precedent or parallel to govern 
or direct him. 



6o Statue of Zackariah Chandler 

When the whirlwinds of passion were turned loose and 
the clouds that lowered over the Republic were red with the 
flames of war he never thought of compromise. 

Compromise had no place in his temperament. He never 
admitted the possibility of defeat. He denoimced every 
suggestion of peace except the peace of an imdivided Nation 
swept clean of slavery. 

He visited the sick and the wounded in the hospitals, and 
no soldier in trouble ever applied to him in vain. 

Chandler was at the meridian of his mental powers when 
Lincoln died and the war ended. He lived 14 years after 
that in the constant service of his country. 

He helped to pass the reconstruction acts. He voted 
"guilty" on the impeachment of Johnson. 

He believed in protection to American labor and American 
industry and voted for the Morrill tariff of 1861. 

He believed in the dignity of labor and defended it. 

He stood for soiuid money and national honesty and con- 
sidered the public debt a sacred obligation. 

He voted to redeem our paper money and pay our bonds 
in gold. 

He voted for the resumption of specie payments against a 
powerful public sentiment for inflation, saying, "We need 
one thing besides more money, and that is better money." 

He was defeated in 1875, succeeded by Christiancy, and 
appointed Secretary of the Interior. 

The Interior Department had fallen into disrepute as 
sheltering fraud, corruption, and incompetency. Chandler 
brought to bear the resources of a trained business experi- 
ence, and cleaned it out. 

Nature keeps books and makes her marks on human 
faces. Chandler's face was a face of resolution. 

He was a leader of men. He was without cant and with- 
out hypocrisy. He had no patience with the cheap and 
sterile kind of politics which is willing to ignore the truth to 
gain political advantage. 

He went straight to the point without equivocation. 



Address of Hon. Edward L. Hamilton 6i 

His vocabulary knew no refinement of casuistry. 

As an orator he was plain, direct, blunt, powerful. 

He was not the kind of statesman, too common now, to 
whom noise and headlines mean distinction. 

He was big in every way. He had his faults, but the 
prowlers and the scavengers, the searchers of the garbage 
heaps of history for soiled and tainted scraps with which to 
discredit the dead, have never dragged to light an unwhole- 
some thing about Chandler. 

He died at Chicago the night of October 31, 1879, in the 
midst of a hot campaign. 

He came to the Senate of a Nation with slavery embedded 
in its Constitution and he left it a Nation of free workers. 

He came to the Senate of a Nation divided by sectional 
interests; he left it a united Nation. 

He came to the Senate of a Nation which doubted the 
strength of its own Constitution ; he left it with a Constitu- 
tion established as the fundamental law of an indestructible 
Union sy;mbolized by one flag, whose stripes are red with 
the blood of patriots shed that its stars might shine together. 
[Applause.] 

The Speaker pro tempore. The Chair will recognize the 
gentleman from Michigan [Mr. Fordney]. 



ADDRESS OF HON. JOSEPH W. FORDNEY 

Mr. Speaker, in 1S64, the old hall of the House of Repre- 
sentatives was opened for the reception of the statues of 
two citizens of each State "illustrious for their historic 
renown or for distinguished civic or military serv^ices." 
Since then 43 great Americans have been selected for 
remembrance, and every time I go through Statuary Hall 
and look at the heroic figures of Lewis Cass and Zachariah 
Chandler I am more proud than ever that I am a citizen of 
Michigan. Among the milHons of her people, living and 
dead, these two tremendous characters stand preeminent. 

Cass was so much older than Chandler that he was 
governor of the Territory of Michigan the year Chandler 
was bom in New Hampshire. Cass went to Michigan in 
the days of the Indians, whose flint arrowheads the farmers 
around Detroit still pick from the furrows in the fall and 
spring plowing. His masterful dealings with those wood- 
land warriors, in connection with Gov. Clark, of the Mis- 
souri Territory, ended the record of Indian supremacy. 

Like Chandler after him, Cass was long a Senator of the 
United States; like him also a Cabinet officer; and in 1844 
came within six votes of receiving a majority of the Demo- 
cratic national convention for the presidential nomination, 
which finally went to James K. Polk. Cass was succeeded 
in the United States Senate by the most illustrious figure in 
the poHtical history of Michigan, whose statue we proudly 
accept to-day and to whose career we may now give a brief 
glance. 

The record of this day's proceedings will fully set forth 
the many steps of Chandler's progress and the incidents 
of his life, beginning on a New England farm, where com- 
fort rewarded cheerful toil; where there were no slavish re- 
pinings against the cold snow of winter or the hardness of 
62 



Address of Hon. Joseph IV. Fordney 63 

the soil, but a winning battle with ax and plow that wrested 
from the rocky New Hampshire hills a plenty of warmth 
and food and shelter and money in the bank. 

And then the sturdy boy, with a thousand dollars in his 
pocket, went west to the Territory that was so soon to 
knock successfully for the opening door of statehood. 

When young Chandler landed in Detroit, in 1833, the 
fur trader had scarce departed. On the long river-front 
street the white palings of the picket fences still stood in 
front of the half doors of the old French habitants. The 
general store, which was opened by the pink-cheeked young 
giant, was a trade innovation. And so he started on his 
prosperous way, first as retailer, then as a wholesaler, with a 
State-wide list of customers, and every customer a friend. 
In hard times he gave longer credits than any rival would 
or could, aird aftenvards boasted that he never lost a dollar 
by it. As he said near the end of his life in a public speech: 

I think I know the people of Michigan as well as any man in it, and I 
know they are honest people. 

His steady commercial success was the more remarkable, 
because in the early part of his career the State of Michi- 
gan, then the home of the "wildcat" bank, passed through 
a cyclone of financial disaster which left its mark on nearly 
every man who had anything to lose. In the Greenback 
craze of 1876 and 1878 Chandler recalled with telling effect, 
in some of the most effective political speeches ever deliv- 
ered in the State, the memory of those times. 

Detroit was one of the principal termini of the "under- 
ground railroad " for the landing of escaping slaves into 
Canada, and Chandler's New England sympathies made 
him an active supporter of that cause. The Republican 
Party was bom in 1854 under the oaks at Jackson, and 
Chandler was there. For the next 25 years, until his 
death, no name on the bright pages of our party's great 
history shed more continuous luster than that of Zachariah 
Chandler. 

55069°— S. Doc. 184, 63-1 5 



64 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 



On March 4, 1857, Mr. Chandler took his seat in the Sen- 
ate, where, with an intermission of four years — during part 
of which he was Grant's Secretary of the Interior and 
chairman of the Republican national committee — he re- 
mained until the day of his death. 

Those who heard Chandler's public speaking will never 
forget it. He had a tall, commanding figure; a resonant 
voice. Abraham Lincoln himself could not surpass him in 
clearness of expression, and he had a power of statement 
that was remarkable. In his first speech in the Senate he 
said: 

The old women of the North who have been in the habit of crj'ing out "The 
Union is in danger' ' have passed off the stage. They are dead. Their places 
will never be supplied; but in tlieir stead we have a race of men who are 
devoted to this Union and devoted to it as Jefferson and the fathers made it 
and bequeathed it to us. Every' aggression has been submitted to by tlie race 
who have gone off the stage. They are ready to compromise any principle, 
anything. The men of the present day are a different race. They will com- 
promise nothing. They are Union-loving men; they love all portions of the 
Union; they will sacrifice anytliing but principle to save it. They will, how- 
ever, make no sacrifice of principle. Never; never! No more compromises 
will ever be submitted to to save the Union. If it is worth saving, it will be 
saved. The only way that we shall save it and make it permanent as the ever.- 
lasting hills will be by restoring it to the original foundations upon which 
the fathers placed it. I trust in God civil war will never come ; but if it should 
come, upon their heads, and theirs alone, will rest the responsibility for every 
drop of blood that may flow. 

The idea foreshadowed in this brief extract was the guid- 
ing thought in Mr. Chandler's mind through all the years 
that followed. Cato was no more fixed in his idea that 
Carthage must be destroyed than Chandler was rock- 
bedded in the determination that the Union must be pre- 
served. In 1862, in a Senate speech, he denounced Gen. 
McClellan for inefficiency, and it was probably this speech 
which resulted in Grant's transfer. Chandler made the 
motion that created the Senate Committee on the Conduct 
of the War. He was long the chairman of the Committee 
on Commerce, and the St. Clair Flats Canal, the first great 
improvement of the navigation of the Great Lakes, is as 
truly a monument to him for his help to the water transpor- 



Address of Hon. Joseph W. Fordney 65 

tation of this country as are the jetties of the Mississippi a 
monument to Eads. 

But it was his overwhelming love of country, his un- 
bounded Americanism, that made him great and that has 
finally placed him on yonder pedestal to stand there as long 
as this Government endures. There was a wideness to his 
patriotism like the wideness of the sea. His pride in the 
State of Michigan was pride in it as a part of the United 
States of America. He was a bitter partisan, as bitter in 
his defiance of the foes of national unity as a frontiersman 
defending his family against an Indian attack. The last 
speech he ever made in the Senate was so characteristic 
that, as a part of these proceedings and as a reminder 
of the spirit of those times, I quote it entire. It was on a 
bill relating to Mexican War pensions. There is as much war 
history in it as in any equal number of words ever uttered. 
He said: 

Mr. President, 22 years ago to-morrow, in the old Hall of the Senate, now 
occupied by the Supreme Court of the United States, I, in company with 
Mr. Jefferson Davis, stood up and swore before Almighty God that I would 
support the Constitution of the United States. Mr. Jefferson Davis came 
from the Cabinet of Franklin Pierce into the Senate of the United States and 
took the oath with me to be faithful to this Government. Diu-ing four years 
I sat in this body with Mr. Jefferson Davis and saw the preparations going on 
from day to day for the overthrow of this Government. With treason in his 
heart and perjury upon his lips he took the oath to sustain the Government that 
he meant to overthrow. 

Sir, there was method in that madness. He, in cooperation with other men 
from his section and in the Cabinet of Mr. Buchanan, made careful prepara- 
tion for the event that was to follow. Your armies were scattered all over this 
broad land, where they could not be used in an emergency; yotu" fleets were 
scattered wherever the winds blew and water was found to float them, where 
they could not be used to put down rebellion; your Treasiu'y was depleted 
until your bonds, bearing 6 per cent, principal and interest payable in coin, 
were sold for 88 cents on the dollar for current expenses, and no buyers. 
Preparations were carefully made. Your arms were sold under an apparently 
innocent clause in an Army bill providing that the Secretary of War might, at 
his discretion, sell such arms as he deemed it for the interest of the Govern- 
ment to sell. 

Sir, 18 years ago last montli I sat in these Halls and listened to Jefferson 
Davis delivering his farewell address, informing us what our constitutional 
duties to this Government were, and then he left and entered into the rebellion 
to overthrow the Government that he had sworn to support. I remained here. 



66 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 

sir, during the whole of that terrible rebellion. I saw our brave soldiers by 
thousands and hundreds of thousands, aye, I might say, millions, pass through 
to the theater of war, and I saw their shattered ranks return; I saw steamboat 
after steamboat and railroad train after railroad train arrive with tlie maimed 
and the wounded; I was with my friend from Rhode Island, Mr. Bumside, 
when he commanded the Army of the Potomac, and saw piles of legs and arms 
that made humanity shudder; I saw Uie widow and the orphan in their homes, 
and heard the weeping and wailing of those who had lost their dearest and their 
best. Mr. President, I little thought at that time that I should live to hear in 
the Senate of the United States eulogies upon Jefferson Davis, living — a living 
rebel eulogized on the floor of the Senate of the United States. Sir, I am 
amazed to hear it; and I can tell tlie gentlemen on the other side that thev 
little know the spirit of tlie North when they come here at this day, and with 
bravado on their lips utter eulogies upon a man whom every man, woman, 
and child in the Nortli believes to have been a double-dyed traitor to his 
Government. 

In the fall of 1879 there was a State campaign in Ohio, in 
which Senator Chandler took an active part. He made a 
speech at Sandusky on Thursday before the election, and 
then took a flying trip to Chicago, where on Saturday night, 
October 3 1 , he delivered an address in closing the local cam- 
paign there — an address which contained one passage that 
was prophetic, though he could not know that it was his 
dying declaration. In full vigor and with a ringing voice he 
said: 

It has become the custom of late to restrict the lines of citizenship, and in the 
Senate and Congress of the United States it is denied that there is such a thing 
as national citizenship. To-night I address you, fellow citizens of Chicago, in 
a broad sense, as fellow citizens of the United States of America. * * * w'e 
have a matter under consideration to-night vastly more important than all the 
financial questions that can be presented to you, and that is: Are you or are 
you not a Nation? We had supposed for generations that we were a Nation. 
In 1857 treason raised its head upon the floors of Congress. They said " Do 
this, or we will destroy your Government. Fail to do that, and we will destroy 
your Government. " One of them repeated this threat to old Ben Wade, and 
he straightened himself up and said, " Don't delay it on my account. " 

When Abraham Lincoln took the oath of office there was nothing to protect 
the national life. Yet with all these discoiu-agements staring us in the face, 
the Republican Party undertook to save yom- Government. We revived your 
credit; we created navies, raised armies, fought battles, carried the war to a 
successful issue, and, finally, when the rebellion surrendered at Appomattox, 
they surrendered to a Government. They admitted that they had submitted 
their heresy to the arbitrament of arms, and they surrendered to the Govern- 
ment of the United States of America. * * * 



Address of Hon. Joseph W. Fordney 67 

They had forfeited all their property; we gave it back to them. We found 
them naked and we clothed them. They were without the rightsof citizenship 
and we restored to them those rights. We took them to our arms as brethren, 
believing that they had repented of their sins. * * * 

The Republican Party is the only party that ever existed that has not one 
solitary unfulfilled pledge left. I defy its worst enemies to name a single 
pledge it ever gave to the people who created it which is not to-day a fulfilled 
and established fact. If we should die to-day or to-morrow, our children's 
children to the twentieth generation would boast that their ancestors belonged 
to the old Republican Party that saved the Nation and wiped slavery from its 
escutcheon. * * * 

Take the smallest ship that floats, mark her " U. S. A., " raise to her peak the 
Stars and Stripes, the flag of this glorious Union, and start her aroimd the world, 
and there is not a fort or ship of war of any nation on God 's footstool that would 
not receive her with a national salute. We took your Government when de- 
spised and raised it to this high position among the nations of the earth. And 
yet we are told that we ought to die. I tell you that the mission of the Repub- 
lican Party is not ended ; furthermore, that it has just begun; and, furthermore, 
that it will never end until you and I, Mr. Chairman, can start from the Cana- 
dian border and travel to the Gulf of Mexico, making black Republican 
speeches wherever we please and vote a black Republican ticket wherever 
we gain a residence, and do it with exactly the same safety that a rebel can 
travel throughout the North, stopping wherever he has a mind to, and running 
for judge in any city. 

An ex-Confederate officer was a candidate for a city judge- 
ship at the election to be held in Chicago on the following 
Tuesday, and the newspaper report of the speech states 
that this local reference was received with such applause 
and laughter that it was three or four minutes before Mr. 
Chandler could proceed. He spoke for more than an 
hour, and then went to his hotel. The next morning he 
was dead. 

Mr. Speaker, Michigan Republicans idoHze the memory 
of Zachariah Chandler. They love to tliink that he and 
men like him founded the Republican Party. They glory 
in liis dying words : If we die to-day or to-morrow, our chil- 
dren's cliildren to the twentieth generation will boast that 
their ancestors belonged to the party that saved the Nation 
and wiped slavery from its escutcheon. 

And let those whom it may concern give heed to his 
other words: Take the smallest ship that floats, mark her 
"U. S. A.," raise to her peak the Stars and Stripes, and let 



68 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 

not a nation on God's footstool dare refuse to receive her 
with a national salute. 

Chandler stood for the protection of Americans, not only 
at home but on the farthest shore of the most savage coun- 
try where government is the least. He believed the United 
States should always and everjrwhere be the bravest, the 
foremost, and the best. In the Senate with him were Blaine 
and Conkling and Edmunds, and a galaxv of names that will 
shine forever like the blazing stars of a Michigan winter 
night; and he was in the very- foremost rank. His star will 
never set. 

The history of my State is replete with illustrious names. 
Where in the traditions of any forest race was there ever a 
more admirable barbarian than Pontiac, whose home was 
long on the beautiful island opposite Detroit ? Where in the 
history of armed conflict is there a more gallant name than 
that of Custer ? Where in the annals of the law have there 
been more just or learned judges than Coole}^ and Campbell 
and Christiancy? Any one of these, or a score of others, 
might have graced yonder Hall, and any son of Michigan 
would have pointed to the statue with pride. But this 
selection has been wisely made. We love the memory' of 
Chandler, a citizen of the whole United States, and we 
intrust his endimng marble to a nation's perpetual care. 
[Applause.] 

The Speaker pro tempore. The Chair will recognize the 
gentleman from Michigan [Mr. J. M. C. Smith]. 



ADDRESS OF HON. J. M. C. SMITH 

The stars shall fade away, the sun himself 
Grow dim with age, and Nature sink in years; 
But thou shalt flourish in immortal youth, 
Unhurt amidst the war of elements. 
The wrecks of matter, and the crush of worlds. 

Mr. Speaker, I am in complete accord with the spirit and 
sentiment that prompted the good people of the State of 
Michigan to have constructed a hfe-sized marble statue of 
Zachariah Chandler and give it a permanent resting place 
in the Capitol of the Nation. The States do well to thus 
give pubhc recognition to the worth and services of their 
great men; and there can be no more fitting monument 
to honor the memory of our illustrious deceased citizen, 
Zachariah Chandler, than the marble statue so dedi- 
cated and placed in the Capitol of his country. 

Mr. Speaker, I fully reaUze that no words of mine can add 
to the fame or name of Chandler. His Hfe work and char- 
acter far exceed any eulogy which I can hope to pronounce 
on this distinguished and eminent former citizen of the State 
of Michigan, whose memory we this day commemorate. He 
was illustrious in hfe, and his deeds are so interwoven with 
the progress and material welfare of our State and Nation 
that to recall the one is but to relate the other. He Uved at 
a time when the foundation of our RepubUc was shaken by 
internal strife and war; but he also Uved to see the slirine of 
freedom restored and the bond of unity estabhshed between 
the States which never shall be broken while brother shall 
greet brother. In the work of preserving and restoring the 
Union he stood in the front rank and never faltered, fully 
believing that — 

He who fights for his country fights for all things and all things living bless 

him. 

69 



70 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 



No man was better known in Michigan than Mr. 
Chandler in his lifetime. He was prominent in pubHc and 
private life. He was an upright, honorable citizen and a 
constructive statesman. He Hved at a time when our coun- 
try needed strong men. He was of commanding presence, 
strong, firm, and resolute. He was, above all, extremely- 
patriotic, and his whole soul was blended vAt\\ the upbuild- 
ing and prosperity of his country. He chose Michigan for 
his home and was a central figme in its material develop- 
ment. Were he Hving to-day, he would be much pleased 
with its great progress. 

In exalting the deeds of our departed friends we often 
overlook the transactions that go to make up the details of 
their everyday life and give prominence only to those which 
coimect themselves with greater events. 

Zach.\riah Chandler was bom in the city of Bedford, 
N. H., December lo, 1813. His ancestry was of that list 
of New England's earliest and best citizens which aided so 
much in preparing the way for the form of government 
which we enjoy to-day. His father's family lived on a 
part of a grant of land made by the General Court of Massa- 
chusetts to the soldiers who served in the Narragansett 
War. In early life he worked upon his father's fann. 
His education was completed in the little red brick school- 
house in Bedford and neighboring academies of Pembroke 
and Deny. In 1833, at the age of 20 years, with that 
great foresight and great judgment exercised by him in 
after life, he became a resident of Detroit, Mich., where he 
lived until the time of his sudden demise in the city of 
Chicago on the evening of November i, 1879, at the age 
of 66 years. 

When he first came to Michigan it was a Territory of 
250,000 inhabitants; now it has a population of more than 
3,000,000. Detroit at the time of his arrival had a popu- 
lation of 2,500; now it is a city of 600,000. At that time 
Michigan was a wilderness, but had played a prominent 
part in the early life of the Nation. It was the home of the 



Address of Hon. J. M. C. Smith 71 

earliest settlers of the great Northwest who suffered from 
innumerable raids and conflicts. It was the scene of con- 
flict between great European nations. Historians tell us 
that in 1781 the Spanish standard was hoisted at Fort St. 
Joseph near the present site of Niles, and the flags of France 
and England alternated. The sturdy pioneers passing 
through the Great Lakes, stretching like vast seas along 
the State border, found the forest swarming with wild life 
and the waters teeming with fish of choicest kind. The 
land was clothed with magnificent verdure. Indian trails 
and beaten paths interlocked the forest, and large tracts 
of open space were covered with flowers of variegated hue. 
The timid deer, the sluggish bruin, and plumed fowl found 
ready and safe retreat among the tall bushes and flowers. 
The wild pigeon filled the air like clouds above the trees. 
With the coming of the white settlers the Indians abandoned 
their hunting grounds, but not without much resistance 
and encounters which filled the early history of our State 
with constant conflict. 

Slowly at first, and little by little, the savage customs of 
the red man yielded to the onward progress of ennobling 
civilization, until to-day Michigan, the adopted home of 
Chandler, has taken an advanced position among the 
great States of our Republic and is surpassed by none, 
with its boundary of peaceful and safe harbors, rapid 
streams, fine soil, great agricultm^e, delicious fruit, healthful 
climate, varied industries, and diverse products; abounding 
in timber, iron, copper, coal, lime and quarries, salt, gyp- 
sum, and marl; only second in its sugar industry; known 
the world over for its fine type of rich and ornamental 
furniture; excelling in fruit, potatoes, and beans; luxuriant 
in wheat, com, hay, barley, rye, oats, flax; and unexcelled 
by any State in diversified farming. Live stock is a potent 
industry. 

Michigan to-day builds nearly one-half of the automobiles 
and vehicles of the country, and manufactures woolen 
cloth, silk, and paper extensively. Its health-giving resorts 



72 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 

are being patronized by the people of the continent. The 
fame of its great university and agricultural college is world- 
^A^de, and its many colleges and institutions of learning are 
accessible to all. Nature has well fitted it for commerce 
and trade, and its vast water powers and network of rail- 
ways give cheap transportation for the distribution of its 
mineral, agricultural, and manufactured products. 

Michigan is proud of its great benevolent, charitable, and 
public institutions, its fine churches, its splendid hospitals, 
sanitariums, and industrial schools, and homes for all classes 
of aged or infirm. A dignified, prosperous, and progressive 
people are placing Michigan in the front ranks of the great 
galaxy of States. 

Here are magnificent opportunities to all. Manufacturing 
industries are mingled with prolific farming; both abound 
with opportunity and reward. And could he whose mem- 
ory we revere momentarily return he would find us to-day 
all coworkers, relying the one upon the other, but without 
class or distinction to an extent never before known, the 
successors and the beneficiaries of his life work and endeavor. 

On the night of his death he had spoken at a large 
political gathering. Before retiring he was met by the 
beckoning angel of death and the world was closed to his 
vision forever. And it was stated: 

Death passed into the chamber of the sleeper, 

The dark and silent room, 
And as he entered darker grew and deeper 

The silence and the gloom. 

His sudden death was lamented by State and Nation. He 
spent many years in public life. He had been mayor of 
Detroit. In 1852 he was defeated on the Wliig ticket for 
governor of his State. He was a stanch Repubhcan, and in 
1854 stumped the State and was active in the formation of 
the Republican Party. He served 22 years in the Senate 
of the United States and was recognized everywhere as a 
man of great power and influence. It is gtated that he was 
much disliked by his enemies but adored by his friends. He 



Address of Ho7i. J. M. C. Smith 73 

was a strong partisan and party man. He belonged to 
those — 

Men who their duties know, 

But know their rights, and, knowing, dare maintain. 

He had the confidence of Lincoln and vigorously supported 
him in the conduct of the war. He took a leading part in 
the reconstruction of the States. He was defeated for the 
Senate by Judge Christiancy in 1875. He was appointed 
Secretary of the Interior by President Grant and served with 
distinction during the two terms of his incumbency. As a 
political leader and a forceful and convincing speaker he was 
in the front rank, especially among the people of his 
State, where he was always in great demand. 

It is not complete justice to say of Ch.^ndlEr that he 
acquired distinction only in public life. He was a successful 
business man and blended himself freely with the commercial 
life of his city. His activities in public life were associated 
with the dry-goods trade. It was related of him that he 
was retiring and devoted to his business, and when be began 
for himself he lived on S300 a year and slept in his store. 
He was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and elsewhere 
scarcely spent an hour of his time except to facilitate his 
trade. He won friends by his personal kindness and strict 
integrity in business. His prosperity and success in private 
enterprises gave him opportunities for which he was well 
qualified to enter upon a public career. In the Senate and 
before the people he always stood firmly for the integrity 
and honor of his country and for the rights of the humblest 
citizen. His honesty in public and private life was never 
assailed. He always kept his word and fulfilled his pledges. 
As Secretary of the Interior he introduced many commend- 
able reforms and showed great executive ability. 

And so we prize and praise the memory of this distin- 
guished citizen. He performed well his part to give to his 
State a high place of honor and glory in the Republic. As 
a tribute to his splendid service to his State and Nation, a 
statue of marble attesting at once the great skill and perfect 



74 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 

workmanship of the artist has been erected to his memory, 
so that for all time we can look upon him as he was; for in 
the execution of his work the sculptor blended the soul and 
countenance of his subject, and it is said that only breath is 
wanting to hear him speak. 

In the Hall of Fame with other honored and illustrious dead 
of our great Republic, side by side with Lewis Cass, whom he 
succeeded, and surrounded by Hannibal Hamlin, Charles 
Sumner, Benjamin Franklin, and others who were his com- 
patriots and colleagues in the Senate, his likeness stands in the 
Hall of Fame in the Capitol of his country, so beloved by him, 
and where he spent the best years of his sterling manhood. 
There in lifelike form he stands to speak silently of the glories 
of our grand Republic and to encourage that patriotism and 
loyalty which he always so fully vindicated and which we 
may emulate. He died with the love of country on his lips, 
offering a prayer for its future welfare. Like him, may all 
who follow be faithful mariners and safe pilots of our country 
through every storm, watchfully, devotedly, and prayerfully. 

Thou, too, sail on, O ship of state! 

Sail on, O Union, strong and great! 

Humanity witli all its fears, 

With all the hopes of future years, 

Is hanging breatliless on thy fate ! 

We know what master laid thy keel. 

What workmen wTought thy ribs of steel, 

Who made each mast, and sail, and rope, 

What anvils rang, what hammers beat, 

In what a forge and what a heat 

Were shaped tlie anchors of thy hope! 

Fear not each sudden sound and shock, 

'Tis of tlie wave and not the rock. 

'Tis but the flapping of the sail. 

And not a rent made by the gale. 

In spite of rock and tempest roar, 

In spite of false lights on the shore, 

Sail on, nor fear to breast the sea. 

Our hearts, our hopes, are all with thee, 

Our hearts, our hopes, our prayers, our tears, 

Our faith triumphant o'er our fears, 

Are all with thee — are all with thee. 

[Applause.] 

The Speaker pro tempore (Mr. Burke of South Dakota). 
The Chair recognizes the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. 
Cramton]. 



ADDRESS OF HON. LOUIS C. CRAMTON 

Mr. Speaker, the name of Chandler lives not because of 
his great political sagacity or his wonderful executive ability 
or his strong and vigorous mental powers, although he was 
gifted with all of these. His name is still a living force a 
generation after his death by reason of his imswerving 
loyalty to his convictions of right and truth and to his coun- 
try's cause. Personal sacrifice or danger or fear of defeat 
never served to withhold him from the performance of his 
fullest public duty. 

The State of Michigan has performed a great public servdce 
when she has placed here in the Capitol of this Nation, where 
the citizens from every section may come to look upon his 
visage, the statue of Z.-^-Chariah Chandler. In this day, 
when a real democracy is constantly becoming more and 
more a reahty, and when the responsibility upon the indi- 
vidual citizen is every day becoming more and more direct, 
it is well that here, before the citizens of our Nation, should 
be placed this statue of one who was chiefly distinguished 
by his courage in his convictions and by his loyalty to his 
country and its institutions. 

Progress is not a matter which takes care of itself. In 
the remarks to-day of my distinguished colleagues there 
has been frequent and eloquent reference to the wonderful 
progress of this country in the recent century. But let me 
remind you progress, industrially, politically, ethically, and 
in all lines, has only been possible because there have been 
at frequent stages in the journey of time men who have 
been willing to sacrifice self, who have been willing to face 
the greatest of problems with unflinching courage, without 
regard to what it might mean to self. The path of progress 
has always been lighted by beacon lights where self was 
burned by the individual as a sacrifice that the many might 

75 



76 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 



benefit. In all our political histor>' there has never been 
a man who has manifested in greater degree that wiUing- 
ness, who has been more characterized by such courage of 
conviction and loyalty to truth than was Zachariah 
Chandler. [Applause.] 

Modem development of methods of transportation and 
distribution of property, persons, and thought consequent 
upon the development of that great dynamic trinity — 
steam, electricity, gasoline — counts preeminent among its 
weapons the railroad, the telegraph, the telephone, the 
printing press, and a myriad of other triumphs of industrial 
progress. These have all tended to make possible a genuine 
government by the people. Even in a Nation of 100,000,000 
souls, scattered over areas greater in extent than even the 
dreams of the Alexanders and Napoleons of old, we are now 
working out this problem of a direct government of the 
people by the people. 

In the earlier days of this Nation, with its slow methods 
of intercommunication, the representatives of the people ex- 
ercised the rights of rulers. To-day the individual citizen 
can be, and on the average is, better informed as to current 
political problems and public crises than was the governor 
of an outlying .State in other days. Hence has followed 
much of our recent political development, placing the 
power more fully in the hands of the individual voter, mak- 
ing it possible for him to exercise his will more directly and 
more positively than before. In these days of the Aus- 
tralian ballot, of the direct nomination of candidates, of the 
initiative, of the referendum, and of the recall, the final 
authority of Government rests in the hands of the indi- 
vidual voter. 

This fact is a grave responsibility as well as an opportu- 
nity. The final triumphant justification of this splendid 
experiment in popular government must depend upon the 
manner in which the individual citizen discharges this 
grave responsibiHty. 



Address of Hon. Louis C. Cramton 77 



The average citizen will not be dishonest, unpatriotic, or 
intentionally lacking in the performance of his public duty ; 
but if he fails to give study to the public questions which 
come before him for determination; and further, if he fails 
to vote his own judgment upon such questions with a view 
to the general good rather than his personal benefit; and 
further, if he fails, whatever may be his station of life, to 
defend and promote that which he believes to be right 
through fear of personal danger or cost, then will the wail 
of the reactionary be justified and the demonstrated failure 
of popular government be accomplished. If, on the other 
hand, the brave spirit of Chandler actuates the average 
citizen and he fonns his judgment with impartiality, defends 
it with courage, clings to it without regard to personal con- 
sequences, promotes it to the utmost of his ability, and 
fears not the outcome, then this splendid experiment will 
be glorified by the complete demonstration of the righteous- 
ness of the dreams of the founders of our Republic — that 
true liberty and self-government and true progress must go 
hand in hand. 



ADDRESS OF HON. WILLIAM J. MacDONALD 

Mr. Speaker, in the half light of history the character and 
works of public men are often seen dimly and obscurely; 
and the great men of all times stand out only bv reason of 
having impressed themselves upon their contemporaries 
by strong, dominant characteristics that served strikingly 
to differentiate them from their fellows, and to leave a 
mark thereby that tradition carries down to succeeding 
generations. 

In Zachariah Chandler Michigan contributed to the 
Nation a figure of towering strength. At a time in the his- 
tory of the Nation when issues were at stake that truly tried 
men's souls he was found not only unvaryingly to have the 
courage of his convictions, but the power and strength to 
dominate his fellows by the very force and passion by which 
these convictions imbued him. He never stopped to con- 
sider what public opinion might be in shaping his course, 
nor was he ever deterred by any fear of consequences upon 
his personal fortimes. Webster says that when aroused 
he put forth his opinion and convictions "like the out- 
breaking of a fountain from the earth or the bursting forth 
of volcanic fires with spontaneous, original native force." 

I think there is no higher tribute that can be paid on this 
occasion, when we are about to commemorate the placing 
of his figure in the Nation's Hall of Fame, than to say that it 
keeps in remembrance one who was a man. [Applause.] 

7S 



ADDRESS OF HON. SAMUEL W. SMITH 

Mr. Speaker, we are assembled here to-day to perform the 
final act, representing the legislature and the people of the 
State of Michigan, of transferring to the care of the Nation, 
to be permanently placed in the National Hall of Fame, this 
effigy in marble of one of its most eminent public men, the 
Hon. Zachariah Chandler. 

In this place, alongside of its companion statue, that of 
Gen. Lewis Cass, the first donation from our Commonwealth 
to be presented to the Nation, but the first only in point of 
time and service, we ardently hope to thus preserve the 
names and fame of the two distinguished men who so long 
honored the State whose commission they bore. As long as 
this grand Capitol stands their memory will endure. 

The name of Lewis Cass has been a familiar one to me 
from my early childhood. My father was a great admirer 
and stanch supporter of Gen. Cass. A large portrait of the 
general adorned the front of the old clock in the home of my 
parents for many years. 

It is a fact worthy of notice that for 60 years the political 
opinions of Michigan as a Territory and State were repre- 
sented and largely formed by two men of New Hampshire 
birth. 

From 1 8 19 to 1854 Gen. Cass was the accepted political 
leader of Michigan, and only once in all that long period of 
35 years did her people fail to follow him. That was in 1 840, 
when the old pioneers and the soldiers of 181 2 — generally 
the friends of Cass — refused his leadership and voted for 
the older pioneer and the more illustrious chieftain, William 
Henry Harrison. From 1854 till Mr. Chandler's death the 
dominant opinion of Michigan was with him; and her 
people followed him, trusted him, believed in him. During 
that quarter of a century the population of the State more 
than trebled in number, but the strength of Chandler with 
the newcomers seemed as great as with the older population 
55069°— S. Doc. 184, 63-1 6 79 



8o Statue of Zackariah Chandler 

with whom he had begun the struggle of life in the Territory 
of Michigan. The old men stood firmly by him in the faith 
and confidence of an ancient friendship, and the young men 
followed with an enthusiasm, which grew into affection and 
with an affection which ripened into reverence. 

Zachariah Chandler was a remarkable man, a great 
leader of men, and possessed of a strong character, in both 
his private and public life. He was a great American. He 
was far more than an ordinary, everyday politician. His 
public services covered a period a little short of 23 years, 
but they were rendered in an era of the greatest stress in the 
life of the Republic. 

He entered the Senate on March 4, 1857, and, with the 
exception of a few weeks in private life in 1875, he remained 
continuously in the service of his State and the Nation until 
his death, on November i, 1879. Soon after his retire- 
ment from the Senate he became Secretary of the Interior in 
President Grant's second administration, and it is a mat- 
ter of history that the multifarious affairs of that great 
department were never more efficiently or honestly adminis- 
tered than during the incumbency of Secretary Chandler. 
Thoroughly honest himself, he was the relentless foe of 
all jobbers and corruptionists, and he stood like a lion in 
the path of all schemers in their attempts to swindle the 
Government. 

Zachariah Chandler was born at Bedford, N. H., De- 
cember 10, 1813, and died at Chicago, III., November i, 
1879, 40 days short of 66 years of age. He was of mixed 
English and Scotch-Irish ancestry, received an academic 
education, and early in life engaged in mercantile pursuits. 
When 20 years of age he removed to Michigan, settling at 
Detroit, where for a year or two he clerked in a store. 
Tradition has it that when Chandler, still a minor, decided 
to join the current of western immigration his father of- 
fered him Si ,000 or a collegiate education. He chose the 
money and settled in Detroit, becoming a merchant with 
his brother-in-law, Franklin Moore, vmder the firm name of 



Address of Hon. Samuel \V. Smith 



Moore & Chandler. This business was prosperous from 
the beginning, and by the middle forties Mr. Chandler was 
at the head of the largest wholesale dry-goods establishment 
in the State. 

Merchants in the young and rapidly growing cities and 
villages within a wide area became his regular customers 
instead of going farther east for their supplies, and his liberal 
and courteous treatment of these dealers made them fast 
friends when, later on, he entered State and National politics. 

In the late forties he served the city of Detroit as an 
alderman, and in 1851 was elected mayor as a Whig. He 
had an early and active share in the organization of the 
Republican Party, and was present at the mass convention 
"under the oaks" at Jackson in the summer of 1854, when 
the new party had its birth. He was the Whig candidate 
for governor of Michigan in 1852, but was defeated. 

In the spring of 1854 the United States and the Earl of 
Elgin, then Governor General of Canada, acting for Great 
Britain, negotiated a reciprocity treaty between the United 
States and Canada. This treaty included nearly all natural 
products, and the list of articles to be admitted free was 
identical for both countries. The arrangement went into 
effect July i, 1854, and continued until December 31, 1866, 
when it was abrogated by the United States. During its 
entire existence Mr. Chandler was intensely and consist- 
ently hostile to this treaty, claiming that Great Britain and 
her Canadian possessions had gotten altogether the best of 
the bargain, and he rarely let pass an opportunity to bitterly 
assail and denounce it. 

Never in the broad sense of the term an orator, he was an 
earnest and forceful speaker, and his homely phraseology 
and apt illustrations often brought conviction to the minds 
of many of his hearers who were ordinarily opposed to his 
economic views. Eong before his first election to the 
Senate he had acquired quite an international reputation 
for his intense Americanism, and was generally recognized 
as the chief of the "twisters of the British lion's tail." 



82 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 

The year 1857 was a bad one for the United States. 
Commercial and industrial depression was widespread. 
The "hard times" began to appear soon after the close of 
the presidential campaign of the previous fall. In that 
hotly contested political struggle the newly organized 
Republican Party made its first appeal to the American 
electorate and henceforth became a vital political quantitv. 

Mr. Chandler gave liberally of his time and means in 
support of the principles of the infant party. He stumped 
Michigan and other neighbormg States, and his services were 
in constant demand as a campaign speaker. The battle 
ended in the election of the Democratic ticket, headed by 
James Buchanan. 

During the hard winter of 1856-57 sound currency was 
exceedingly scarce in Michigan. There was plenty of the 
red-dog and wildcat variety in evidence, but only those 
who could not help themselves ever took it or circulated it. 
By this time Mr. CHA^fDLER's big dry-goods establishment 
was on such a firm basis that it was but slightly affected bv 
the almost luiiversal depression. He freely supplied his 
country customers with all the goods they required on long- 
time credits, and thus scores of rural merchants were saved 
from impending and certain bankruptcy. Years afterwards 
Mr. Chandler declared that he had not lost a dollar by this 
accommodation, but he had made fast friends and sup- 
porters of many when, a little later, he aspired to political 
honors. 

In the national election of 1856 the young Republican 
Party swept Michigan and elected large majorities in both 
houses of the State legislature. When the time came for 
choosing a Senator in succession to Gen. Cass, whose term 
was about to expire, but who subsequently became Secre- 
tary of State in President Buchanan's Cabinet, a majority 
of the Republican members supported the candidacy of Mr. 
Isaac P. Christiancy, a successful and prominent lawyer of 
Monroe. A large and active minority, however, doggedly 



Address of Hon. Samuel W. Smith 83 

opposed Mr. Christiancy, and this minority succeeded in 
effecting a combination with the Democrats by which a suf- 
ficient number of votes of the latter were secured to make 
Mr. Chandler's election a certainty. Mr. Chandler's busi- 
ness friends, many of whom were country merchants, affili- 
ated with both political parties, had taken this means of 
proving their loyalty and gratitude, and thus was brought 
about the first election of Zachariah Chandler to the Sen- 
ate of the United States, in which position he remained for 
18 years, until he was defeated by a combination not unlike 
the one by which he had first succeeded in favor of Mr. 
Christiancy, his early opponent, and who the same year — 
1857 — was nominated and elected a member of the State 
Supreme Court, that great tribunal with its three famous 
" C's '■ — Campbell, Christiancy, and Cooley — whose fame and 
ability as jm-ists were and still are of world-wide recognition. 

Senator Chandler took his seat in the Senate March 4, 
1857, with the advent of the Buchanan administration. 
From that moment his was a commanding personality, both 
physically and intellectually, in all national affairs. He now 
belonged to the entire Nation. His first assignments were 
to the Committee on the District of Columbia and the Com- 
mittee on Commerce. Early in his first term he succeeded 
to the chairmanship of the latter powerful and influential 
committee, so important to the interests of Michigan, with 
its vast expanse of navigable water front, the largest in mile- 
age of any State in the Union. This commanding post was 
retained by Mr. Chandler imtil his senatorial career was 
broken in 1875. The pages of the Congressional Globe and 
its successor, the Congressional Record, bear testimony to 
the valuable work accomplished by the Committee on Com- 
merce during the years of Senator Chandler's leadership. 

Senator Chandler was hardly warm in his seat when he 
began an active onslaught on his pet aversion, the Canadian 
reciprocity treaty. He hammered away on this line in 
season and out of season for. nearly 10 years, when, as has 



84 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 

been already mentioned, the treaty was abrogated. He 
was never popular with the press of Great Britain or 
Canada. 

When early in 1861 eleven of the Southern vStates seceded, 
and the Civil War was near at hand, Mr. Chandler became 
a vigorous supporter of the cause of the Union, which posi- 
tion he maintained throughout the four years of sanguinary 
strife. There was no uncertainty about his attitude. At 
all times he had the courage of his convictions. And his 
speeches reveal the intensity of his innermost thoughts and 
feelings. 

In February, 1861, Senator Chandler wrote his famous 
"blood letter" to Gov. Austin Blair, who was afterwards 
known as the " War Governor of Michigan." In that letter 
the Senator declared " Without a little bloodletting this 
Union will not, in my estimation, be worth a rush." In 
some way this letter was made public and for a time it 
caused a great sensation. The writer was savagely assailed 
bv a considerable section of the press of the -country and by 
not a few of the politicians of his own party. The Senator 
stood firm, however, and let liis adversaries harp and howl 
until they were tired. His only known utterance on the 
subject is: 

In that letter I wrote my honest belief at the time, and I have no further 
explanation or apology to make. 

It is now a matter of history that before the four years of 
most sanguinary warfare of modem times were ended "a 
httle bloodletting" actually occmred — but the Union was 
saved. 

Throughout the war the Senator's services on the Com- 
mittee on the Conduct of the War were invaluable. Prob- 
ably no other member of that committee gave so much of 
his time and energy to the great work performed by it, 
and this labor was not ended until long after the close of 
hostilities. 

Soon after Gen. Grant became commander of all the 
Federal Armies a deep attachment grew up between the 



Address of Hon. Samuel W. Smith 85 



great soldier and the great Senator, notwithstanding the 
fact that they had a somewhat serious personal difficulty, 
which was more amusing than otherwise to nonparticipants, 
while the Senator was mayor of Detroit and Grant a young 
lieutenant of the Regular Army, stationed at Fort Wayne, 
near Detroit. This attachment remained unbroken until 
the Senator's death, which preceded the General's by nearly 
seven years. 

As a party man Senator Chandler was a stalwart, and 
he vigorously supported all the war measures of his party 
including the impeachment of Andrew Johnson and the 
reconstruction acts which followed. 

Senator Chandler was elected for a second term in 1863 
and to a third in 1869, with practically no opposition in his 
party and with very Httle from the Democrats. 

He had now held the Senatorship longer than any of his 
distinguished predecessors. Toward the middle of his term, 
however, murmurs of discontent began to be heard against 
Mr. Chandler's long tenure of office, and the dissatisfaction 
found ready and wiUing disseminators among that section of 
the press and people who opposed the election of Gen. Grant 
tea second term in the Presidency in 1 8 7 2 . " Chandlerism 
became a term of reproach just as other "isms," with the 
names of other prominent party leaders prefixed, have 
become more or less unpopular in these latter days. 

The most violent opposition to the Senator's desire for a 
fourth term came from a small, but noisy, faction in the 
party who in 1872 had broken away from their bearings and 
styled themselves "Liberal Republicans." In the national 
field the movement was a dismal failure ; but, aided by a few 
able papers, whose editors and owners had conceived a 
violent antipathy to Senator Chandler, the sentiment 
against "Chandlerism" was making headway. 

In 1874, for the first time since the Civil War, the Demo- 
cratic Party elected a good working majority in the House of 
Representatives, and this change in public sentiment also 



86 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 



resulted in a considerable increase in the representation of 
that party in the Michigan Legislature. 

The campaign against "Chandlerism" was soon on in a 
most virulent form. Just what was meant by "Chandler- 
ism " was never ven,' clearly defined. In the popular mind at 
the time it meant " loyalty of the Senator to his friends and 
their loyalty to him." But he had held one of the greatest 
offices in the gift of the people for a long time — for iS years — 
in which were included four years of the greatest war in 
modem history, during which the Republic had to fight des- 
perately to maintain its existence — and there were a number 
of eager and patriotic gentlemen, from their o\vn viewpoint, 
eager and anxious to supplant him. 

No charges of personal or political corruption had ever 
been successfully laid at his door. All his public acts were 
well known and open and aboveboard. Both his friends 
and his enemies always knew exactly how he stood on the 
vital issues of the day. He had never trimmed a sail to 
catch the passing breeze, and he cared very little for personal 
popularity or the applause of the multitude. 

"WTien the time came for the nomination of a Senator at 
the session of 1875, a small number of Republican members 
refused to enter the caucus. 

Mr. Chandler, however, was regularly nominated. Much 
maneuvering and scheming followed this action, and many 
combinations were suggested and some of them given a trial. 
The combination that eventually succeeded was the offer 
of the recalcitrant Republicans to put forward Judge Chris- 
tiancy, of the supreme bench, the same man who was defeated 
by Senator Chandler 18 years before, as their candidate 
and for whom they solicited the solid Democratic vote. 
After a few days of dickering the compact was agreed to, 
and Judge Christiancy was elected Senator by a bare ma- 
jority vote. " Old Z.^ch," as he was then popularly called, 
after long, arduous, and faithful service, was thus retired to 
private life. But the retirement was only for a little while. 



Address of Hon. Samuel W. Smith. 87 

When the news of Chandler's defeat was received at a 
well-known Democratic resort near the city hall in Detroit 
there was great jubilation, as might be expected, over the 
"victory." When the enthusiasm and the felicitations were 
at their height, one old Democrat, who had taken an active 
and conspicuous part in Chandler's first election, put a 
damper on the proceedings by a little impromptu speech. 
" Of course," said he, " it is all right that we, as good party 
men, should rejoice over Chandler's defeat. But there is 
another way to look at the matter. What does Michigan 
gain by the change ? We have simply traded the chairman- 
ship of the great Senate Committee on Commerce, with our 
large water front and numerous ports, and large and rapidly 
growing marine interests, for, possibly, the tail end of the 
Judiciary Committee. To my mind, this 'victory' seems 
more like a State calamity." Having thus relieved his 
mind, the old Democrat stalked gloomily out of the room, 
and the felicitations were at an end. 

Mr. Chandler was idle only a few weeks. President 
Grant invited him to join his Cabinet as Secretary of the 
Interior, and he accepted. 

The next year the memorable Hayes-Tilden campaign of 
1876 came on, and Mr. Chandler was chosen chairman of 
the Republican national committee, with his namesake and 
distant relative, William E. Chandler, of New Hampshire, as 
secretary. 

It would be out of place here, besides being entirely unnec- 
essary, to enter into the details of that now historic political 
struggle. One incident of the battle must suffice. The 
morning after election, when the result of the balloting as 
regards a number of States was very much in doubt, the 
country was electrified by a dispatch from Republican 
headquarters in New York, and which was published in 
the daily papers all over the country, which read: "Hayes 
has 185 votes and is elected." This was signed " Chandler." 
For a good while the authorship of this laconic dispatch was 



Statue oj Zachariah Chandler 



credited to " Old Zach," who neither affirmed nor denied at 
the time. Later investigation, however, seems to fix the 
responsibiHty on the secretary of the committee, William E. 
Chandler, who subsequently became Secretary of the Navy 
in President Arthur's Cabinet, besides serving two terms 
as Senator from his native State, and who is still living in 
Washmgton. 

Judge Christiancy during his brief service never seemed 
entirely at home in the Senate. The judicial habit had be- 
come so strong with him that he acted as if he felt out of 
place. Besides, he had numerous troubles of a domestic 
nature which caused him great uneasiness. When, there- 
fore, after a little less than two years' service, President 
Haj-es offered him the post of minister to Peru, he gladly 
accepted, and resigned the Senatorship. As was predicted, 
he had drawn the tail end of the Judiciary Committee 
and some other minor assignments. The Legislature of 
Michigan — the one elected in the great campaign of 1876 — 
promptly elected Mr. Ch.vndlEr to fill the vacancv, and 
" Old Zach " was again in the saddle. 

But he was not destined to enjoy his new honors long. 
The same senatorial term of six years, for which he was first 
defeated and afterwards triumphantly elected, was also 
fated to see the end of his earthly career. 

During the short session of 1879 he filled his old seat in 
the Senate and appeared to be in fine form. He delivered 
a few speeches and made friends with many of the men who 
had entered the Senate during his absence. 

In the last months of his life Senator Ch.\ndlER ardently 
believed that he would be the Republican candidate for the 
Presidency in 1880. 

Only a tew weeks before his death he discussed the con- 
ditions then prevailing in his party with an old friend, and 
gave his reasons for the belief that he would prove an 
acceptable dark-horse candidate, one on whom the warring 



Address of Hon. Samuel W. Smith 89 

factions could unite. The friend agreed that his reasoning 
and conclusions were sound. 

Late in October, 1879, he visited Chicago to attend to 
some business and delivered his last memorable speech, 
prior to the meeting of Congress in December. He had 
completed his business and expected to return to his home 
in Detroit next day. On the morning of November i he 
was found dead in his bed in a hotel, having died some time 
during the night from heart failure, brought on by an 
attack of acute indigestion, from which affliction he suffered 
at times. 

His body lay in state in the city hall in Detroit, and 
thousands of his neighbors and his friends joined the long 
line to take a last look at his honest and rugged face. 

I did not enjoy the personal acquaintance of Mr. Chandler 
but I liked him, believed in him and the principles for which 
he stood, and never lost an opportunity to hear him speak. 
When the sudden and unexpected news of his death came, 
I, with thousands of others, was shocked and made sad, 
for the Nation had lost a great man, and the Republican 
Party one of its strongest and foremost leaders. 

Such, in brief, is a most inadequate sketch of the career 
of Zachariah Chandler, whom we are assembled here 
to-day to commemorate, and whose statue we now consign 
to the keeping of the Government which he loved so well, 
and which we earnestly pray may endure for all time. 
[Applause.] 

Extension of remarks 

Mr. Fordney. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that 
all gentlemen who have spoken or those who may wish to 
speak on this subject may have the privilege of extending 
their remarks in the Record. 

The Speaker pro tempore. The gentleman from Michi- 
gan [Mr. Fordney] asks unanimous consent that all those 
who have spoken or who may wish to speak on this sub- 



90 Statue of Zachariah Chandler 

ject may have pennission to extend their remarks in the 
Record. Is there objection? 
There was no objection. 

ADJOURNMENT 

Mr. Samuel W. vSmith. Mr. Speaker, I move that the 
House do now adjourn. 

The motion was agreed to; accordingly (at i o'clock and 
40 minutes p. m.) the House adjourned until Monday, 
April 20, 1914, at 12 o'clock noon. 



BJeM5 



